Storage Options and Sizing for Utility Scale Integration of Wind Energy Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
Utility Scale

Electric energy storage has been discussed as an option for increasing the marketability of wind energy facilities by reducing output variation. Utility scale wind plants face economic exposure to tariff charges for output variation as well as depending on volatile market prices for success. Wind speed variability and associated changes in wind plant output raise specific challenges to design engineers sizing electric energy storage systems. Evaluation of prospective Wind/Storage applications depends on the characteristics of individual wind plant output and the choice of storage technology. Energy storage options range from traditional lead acid batteries and pumped hydro storage to recently commercialized electrochemical flow battery systems. Selection and sizing of energy storage for wind plants vary with the time frame for each application. Different time frames correspond with the utility definitions of regulation, load shaping and load factoring. Results from a storage system model are presented that differentiate appropriate storage system sizes for these applications.

scholarly journals Operating conditions of electric energy storage system in DC traction power supply for single-track sections of railways

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
V. L. Nezevak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy Storage System ◽  
Traction Power Supply ◽  
Traction Power

Considered are the issues of using electric energy storage system in the traction power supply of direct current of a single-track section. An overview of the main directions of domestic and foreign research in the field of using these systems to increase the capacity and energy efficiency of power supply systems is given. Modeling the operation of energy storage system in traction power supply is based on the calculation of load graphs within the boundaries of inter-substation zones, formed depending on the conditions for the passage of trains and traction load on the railway section. The main provisions of the method for choosing locations and determining the parameters of energy storage system in traction power supply are considered. On the example of one of the inter-substation zones of the Sverdlovsk railway, the influence of the power of the active sectioning station on the increase in the minimum voltage level at the pantograph of the electric rolling stock is shown. The graphs of the degree of charge and the corresponding frequency distributions are given, which make it possible to evaluate the operating conditions of the electric energy storage system depending on the conditions for the formation of the traction load, as well as the graphs of the load of the electric energy storage system and the corresponding charging characteristics for the operating conditions at the sectioning post. On the example of the section under consideration, the dependence of the discharge depth of the electric energy storage system on the nominal energy intensity is shown. Based on the results of calculations, an evaluation was made of the options for passing train batches in the even and odd direction in comparison with the schedule of the performed train operation. The range of variation of the nominal values of power and energy intensity of the electric energy storage system is obtained. Comparison of the accumulation system parameters for single- and double-track sections of railways, including those with a predominance of passenger traffic, is carried out.

Second Law Analysis of an Energy Storage System Consisting of an Electrolysis Plant and the Graz Cycle With Internal H2/O2 Combustion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Dybe ◽  
Tom Tanneberger ◽  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Second Law Analysis

Abstract The expansion of renewable energy generation must go hand in hand with measures for reliable energy supply and energy storage. A combination of hydrogen and oxygen as storing media provided from electrolysis at high pressure and zero emission power plants is a very promising option. The Graz cycle is an oxy-fuel combined power cycle that can operate with internal H2/O2 combustion and steam as working fluid. It offers thermal efficiencies up to 68.5% (LHV). This work applies a second law analysis to the Graz cycle and determines its exergetic efficiency. Exergy destruction is broken down to the cycle’s components thus providing insights on the location and magnitude of the cycle’s inefficiencies. A sensitivity analysis identifies the cycle’s exergetic and energetic efficiency as a function of representative parameters, offering an approach for future improvements. The combination of the cycle with an electrolysis plant is subsequently analyzed as an electric energy storage system. The round trip efficiency of the storage and back conversion system is computed by taking into account the additional compression of the reactants. As part of this analysis, the effect of the electrolyzer’s operational pressure is studied by comparing several commercial electrolyzers.

Novel graphite/TiO2 electrochemical cells as a safe electric energy storage system

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 7305-7309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Thapa ◽  
Gumjae Park ◽  
Hiroyoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tatsumi Ishihara ◽  
Nariaki Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy Storage System

scholarly journals Photo-Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems Based on Silicon Solar Cells and Supercapacitor-Engineering Concept

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3867
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Plebankiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Engineering Concept

Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage system based on silicon solar cells and supercapacitors. In the first step, based on commercially available elements, we designed a solar charger and simulated its work in idealized conditions. Secondly, we designed appropriate electronic connections and control systems, allowing for the charging–discharging process of the energy storage system. After constructing three type of demonstrators of solar energy charger, we tested it. The novel design allowed us to achieve total available energy from solar panel energy conversion up to 93%.

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