This paper introduces a new devices and technology of large-aperture quadratic optical components rapid powerful NC polishing, it has greatly improved the efficiency and precision of aspheric polishing. Through self-designed five-axis CNC polishing machine, to achieve the controlling of rotation, revolution integral rapid powerful polishing head. By optimizing the process parameters, determine a reasonable polishing path and polishing mode structure, to obtain good experimental results. Size 340mm × 340mm aspheric optical glass, surface shape accuracy PV λ / 5, surface roughness Rq 1.2nm, processing efficiency has been effectively improved, surface shape convergence stable.