Development of the modulation transfer function and contrast transfer function for discrete systems, particularly charge-coupled devices [also Comment 35(7), 2105-2106 (July 1996)]
AbstractThe charge-coupled devices used in electron microscopy are coated with a scintillating crystal that gives rise to a severe modulation transfer function (MTF). Exact knowledge of the MTF is imperative for a good correspondence between image simulation and experiment. We present a practical method to measure the MTF above the Nyquist frequency from the beam blocker's shadow image. The image processing has been fully automated and the program is made public. The method is successfully tested on three cameras with various beam blocker shapes.
Improvements for determining the modulation transfer function of charge-coupled devices by the speckle method
