Bentonites, volcanogenic tonsteins and refractory clays in the Upper Freshwater Molasse and Paleo-Naab system, Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Albert Gilg ◽  
Albert Ulbig
Keyword(s):  
Upper Freshwater Molasse

Integrated stratigraphy and 40Ar/39Ar chronology of the early to middle Miocene Upper Freshwater Molasse in western Bavaria (Germany)

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1859-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayfaa Abdul Aziz ◽  
Madelaine Böhme ◽  
Alexander Rocholl ◽  
Jerome Prieto ◽  
Jan R. Wijbrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Upper Freshwater Molasse ◽  
Integrated Stratigraphy

Linking the redox cycles of Fe oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals: an example from a palaeosol of the Upper Freshwater Molasse

Clay Minerals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stanjek ◽  
C. Marchel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Redox Cycles ◽  
Upper Freshwater Molasse ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Dioctahedral Smectite

AbstractA profile within the Upper Freshwater Molasse (OSM) of eastern Switzerland was sampled. Particle-size analyses, bulk chemical analyses, cation exchange capacities and Fe fractions (oxalate- and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-soluble Fe, total Fe) were measured. The mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and quantified with Rietveld analysis. The layer charge of selected fine-clay samples was determined with the alkylammonium method using chainnc= 12. The profile could be divided into a lower sequence (I) and an upper sequence (II) by a hiatus. Chemical data, particle-size distributions and calcite contents indicated that soil formation was essentially restricted to wetting-drying cycles associated with redox cycles evident from Feo/Fedand Fed/Fetratios. A significant correlation between thed060values of the dioctahedral smectite-illite mixed-layer phases and Feo/Fedwas interpreted as the influence of microbial Fe3+reduction, which affected both the Fe oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals. This is the first evidence that the Fe dynamics of both mineral groups may be linked. The amount of illitization also correlated with Feo/Fed, but only in the upper part of the profile. This indicates that wetting-drying cycles were necessary for the illitization process.

[Graupensandrinne - Ries impact: On the stratigraphy of the Grimmelfingen Beds, Kirchberg Beds and the Upper Freshwater Molasse (Northern Foreland Molasse, Southern Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Reichenbacher ◽  
Ronald Böttcher ◽  
Helmuth Bracher ◽  
Gerhard Doppler ◽  
Wolf von Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Germany ◽  
Upper Freshwater Molasse
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