scholarly journals Calcineurin Inhibitor Agents Interact Synergistically with Antifungal Agents In Vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates: Correlation with Outcome in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Cryptococcosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis ◽  
Russell E. Lewis ◽  
Barbara D. Alexander ◽  
Olivier Lortholary ◽  
Françoise Dromer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

ABSTRACT Synergistic interactions were observed between CIs and antifungal agents against 53 (90%) of 59 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis and may account for better outcomes in patients with cryptococcosis receiving these immunosuppressive agents.

Inhibitors of Calcineurin

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-433
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Holt ◽  
Gordon Ingle ◽  
Theodore M. Sievers
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Before the early 1980s, patient and allograft survival for solid organ transplant recipients was dismal. By 1983, the first calcineurin blocker, cyclosporine (Sandimmun), had been introduced, and outcomes were dramatically improved. However, cyclosporine macroemulsion had suboptimal pharmacokinetics, significant drug interactions, and several adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Recent advances with cyclosporine include the introduction of modified dosage formulations: Neoral, a microemulsion, and several generic microemulsion products. The potent second-generation calcineurin blocker tacrolimus (Prograf) was introduced in 1994 and has become the drug of choice for several types of transplant recipients. Although tacrolimus has improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drugmonitoring parameters, it has adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. Thus, current immunosuppressive regimens implementing calcineurin blockers often involve additional immunosuppressive agents to “spare” the use of these agents, minimizing their adverse effects. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug interactions, adverse effects, and dosing of cyclosporine and tacrolimus in solid organ transplant recipients.

Cryptococcosis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1018-1020
Author(s):  
William G. Powderly
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Soil Organism ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Cryptococcus neoformans, which is found worldwide as a soil organism and thought to be transmitted by inhalation, most often causes disease in patients with abnormal cell-mediated immunity, notably patients with HIV infection and solid-organ transplant recipients, but the infection also occurs rarely in apparently immunocompetent people in restricted geographical areas, especially involving ...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document