scholarly journals Taxis Response of Various Denitrifying Bacteria to Nitrate and Nitrite

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2140-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yun Lee ◽  
Adela Ramos ◽  
Lee Macomber ◽  
James P. Shapleigh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Insertional Inactivation ◽  
Nitrite Respiration ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

ABSTRACT The taxis response of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 and 2.4.3, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens to nitrate and nitrite was evaluated by observing the macroscopic behavior of cells suspended in soft agar and incubated under various conditions. R. sphaeroides 2.4.3, which is capable of both nitrate and nitrite reduction, showed a taxis response to both nitrate and nitrite. R. sphaeroides 2.4.1, which contains nitrate reductase but not nitrite reductase, did not show a taxis response towards either nitrogen oxide. Insertional inactivation of the nitrite reductase structural gene or its transcriptional regulator, NnrR, in strain 2.4.3 caused a loss of a taxis response towards both nitrate and nitrite. An isolate of 2.4.1 carrying a copy of the nitrite reductase gene from 2.4.3 showed a taxis response to both nitrogen oxides. The taxis response of 2.4.3 was observed under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that the taxis response was due to nitrate and nitrite respiration, not to inhibition of oxygen respiration by respiration of nitrogen oxides. Strain 2.4.3 showed a taxis response to nitrate and nitrite under photosynthetic and aerobic conditions. Changing the carbon source in the culture medium caused an unexpected subtle shift in the taxis response of 2.4.3 to nitrite. A taxis response to nitrogen oxides was also observed in R. palustris and A. tumefaciens. R. palustris exhibited a taxis response to nitrite but not to nitrate, while A. tumefaciens exhibited a response to both compounds.

scholarly journals Dissimilatory Nitrite Reductase Genes from Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2213-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Casciotti ◽  
Bess B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Dissimilatory Nitrite Reductase

ABSTRACT The presence of a copper-containing dissimilatory nitrite reductase gene (nirK) was discovered in several isolates of β-subdivision ammonia-oxidizing bacteria using PCR and DNA sequencing. PCR primers Cunir3 and Cunir4 were designed based on published nirK sequences from denitrifying bacteria and used to amplify a 540-bp fragment of the nirK gene fromNitrosomonas marina and five additional isolates of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Amplification products of the expected size were cloned and sequenced. Alignment of the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid (AA) sequences shows significant similarity (62 to 75% DNA, 58 to 76% AA) between nitrite reductases present in these nitrifiers and the copper-containing nitrite reductase found in classic heterotrophic denitrifiers. While the presence of a nitrite reductase in Nitrosomonas europaea is known from early biochemical work, preliminary sequence data from its genome indicate a rather low similarity to the denitrifier nirKs. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial nitrifier nirK sequences indicates that the topology of the nirK tree corresponds to the 16S rRNA andamoA trees. While the role of nitrite reduction in the metabolism of nitrifying bacteria is still uncertain, these data show that the nirK gene is present in closely related nitrifying isolates from many oceanographic regions and suggest thatnirK sequences retrieved from the environment may include sequences from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

scholarly journals Changes in Benthic Denitrification, Nitrate Ammonification, and Anammox Process Rates and Nitrate and Nitrite Reductase Gene Abundances along an Estuarine Nutrient Gradient (the Colne Estuary, United Kingdom)

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3171-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang F. Dong ◽  
Cindy J. Smith ◽  
Sokratis Papaspyrou ◽  
Andrew Stott ◽  
A. Mark Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Colne Estuary ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

ABSTRACT Estuarine sediments are the location for significant bacterial removal of anthropogenically derived inorganic nitrogen, in particular nitrate, from the aquatic environment. In this study, rates of benthic denitrification (DN), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anammox (AN) at three sites along a nitrate concentration gradient in the Colne estuary, United Kingdom, were determined, and the numbers of functional genes (narG, napA, nirS, and nrfA) and corresponding transcripts encoding enzymes mediating nitrate reduction were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In situ rates of DN and DNRA decreased toward the estuary mouth, with the findings from slurry experiments suggesting that the potential for DNRA increased while the DN potential decreased as nitrate concentrations declined. AN was detected only at the estuary head, accounting for ∼30% of N2 formation, with 16S rRNA genes from anammox-related bacteria also detected only at this site. Numbers of narG genes declined along the estuary, while napA gene numbers were stable, suggesting that NAP-mediated nitrate reduction remained important at low nitrate concentrations. nirS gene numbers (as indicators of DN) also decreased along the estuary, whereas nrfA (an indicator for DNRA) was detected only at the two uppermost sites. Similarly, nitrate and nitrite reductase gene transcripts were detected only at the top two sites. A regression analysis of log(n + 1) process rate data and log(n + 1) mean gene abundances showed significant relationships between DN and nirS and between DNRA and nrfA. Although these log-log relationships indicate an underlying relationship between the genetic potential for nitrate reduction and the corresponding process activity, fine-scale environmentally induced changes in rates of nitrate reduction are likely to be controlled at cellular and protein levels.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Nitrite Reductase Gene from Sugarbeet

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan SHI ◽  
Yan-Da ZENG ◽  
Shi-Long LI ◽  
Yu-Bo WANG ◽  
Feng-Ming MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene

scholarly journals A novel nitrite reductase gene from the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum.

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (21) ◽  
pp. 6137-6143 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Suzuki ◽  
H Kikuchi ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
Y Fujita ◽  
T Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Plectonema Boryanum ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene

scholarly journals Denitrification Activity and Relevant Bacteria Revealed by Nitrite Reductase Gene Fragments in Soil of Temperate Mixed Forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Chie Katsuyama ◽  
Naho Kondo ◽  
Yuichi Suwa ◽  
Takao Yamagishi ◽  
Masayuki Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Temperate Mixed Forest

Purification and Characterization of a Dissimilatory Nitrite Reductase from the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Preuß ◽  
Jobst-Heinrich Klemme
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Phototrophic Bacterium ◽  
Dissimilatory Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Basic Level

A dissimilatory nitrite reductase from the facultatively phototrophic bacterium , Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain 1a1 was studied. A basic level of the enzyme (10 -50 mU/mg protein) was measured in dark, aerated and anaerobic, photosynthetic cultures. A marked derepression of enzyme synthesis occurred under conditions of oxygen limitation (200-300 mU/mg protein). The addition of nitrite (or nitrate) to the culture medium had only a slight effect on the maximal nitrite reductase titer of cells. The enzyme was purified from photosynthetically grown cells by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration through Sepharose 6B and repeated chromatography on DE 52-cellulose. As estimated by gel filtration, the nitrite reductase had a molecular weight of about 120 000 ± 12 000 and yielded only one band (mol. wt. of about 68 000 ± 7000) in SDS-gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 5.1. Nitric oxide (NO) was identified as the reaction product of nitrite reduction. The enzyme also exhibited cytochrome c-oxidase activity and was active with chemically reduced viologen dyes, FMN and cytochrome c as electron donors. Highly purified nitrite reductase preparations contained 10 mol% of a c-type cytochrome. Trace metal analyses indicated the presence of Cu in the enzyme. Consistent with the detection of Cu was the finding that the Cu-chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate, strongly inhibited the nitrite reductase

Agricultural soil denitrifiers possess extensive nitrite reductase gene diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Coyotzi ◽  
Andrew C. Doxey ◽  
Ian D. Clark ◽  
David R. Lapen ◽  
Philippe Van Cappellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene
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