6 Applying a positive deviance framework to the prevention of sexual intimate partner violence in 30 low- and middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Metheny ◽  
Rob Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Structural Context and the Role of Positive Deviance From Community Norms in Shaping Risk for Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in 32 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092750
Author(s):  
Nicholas Metheny ◽  
Rob Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence

Community norms provide social scripts and pathways to accruing social capital that can alter a woman’s risk of experiencing sexual intimate partner violence (IPV). These norms are in turn influenced by the structural environment in which they exist. Missing from the literature is an understanding of how an individual’s departure from community norms—positive deviance—influences the risk of sexual IPV and how this effect may vary across structural environments. Demographic and Health Survey data from 32 low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were stratified into six structural environments by two fundamental structural factors: level of gender inequality and prevalence of sexual IPV. To examine how transcending community norms shape the odds of reporting sexual IPV across environments, six identical multilevel models were fit including statistical deviation from 13 community norms as key covariates. Positive deviance from community norms is associated with both increased and decreased odds of reporting sexual IPV and the nature of these relationships vary by structural environment. Positive deviance had a greater effect on reporting sexual IPV in highly unequal societies. Positive deviance from fertility preferences and controlling behavior was associated with increased odds of sexual IPV across contexts. The accrual of social capital and differences in female autonomy across environments may be two ways positive deviance alters sexual IPV risk. A better understanding of how the salience of community norms varies by structural environment and how transcending these norms shapes the risk for sexual violence may help highlight pathways for interventions to change restrictive social norms and increase female empowerment without increasing the risk of sexual IPV.

Wealth Inequality and Intimate Partner Violence: An Individual and Ecological Level Analysis Across 20 Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Samuel Kebede ◽  
Anne-Laura Van Harmelen ◽  
Andres Roman-Urrestarazu
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
P Value ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been linked to poor health. Economic position may be an important risk factor for IPV. We examined the association between economic position and IPV at country and individual levels. We analyzed Demographic and Health Surveys data of 187,716 ever-partnered women between ages 10 and 59 from 20 low- and middle-income countries. We calculated direct age-standardized 12-month prevalence of physical IPV and performed ecological analysis using Gini coefficients and Concentration indexes to assess correlation with 12-month prevalence of physical IPV. We conducted multivariable logistic regression for each country to assess the association between wealth status and physical IPV and a meta-analysis of the regression model to present results across countries. Compared to the Poorest quintile, odds of IPV among wealthier quintiles varied by country. In the Middle quintile, India had significantly reduced IPV (OR 0.75, 95%CI: 0.68-0.83). In the Richer and Richest quintiles, 4 and 6 countries had significant reductions in IPV, respectively. Only Mozambique was found to have significant increased IPV in the wealthiest quintile (OR 2.51, 95%CI: 1.45-4.38). Gini coefficient and physical IPV had a correlation coefficient of 0.502 ( p value 0.033), while Concentration index had –0.276 ( p value .253). Standardized prevalence for physical IPV ranged from 1.58% to 18.91%. Findings suggest that the relationship between wealth and IPV vary considerably in the included low- and middle-income countries, and that risk of IPV may not necessarily be higher among women in lower wealth brackets. Mozambique was the only country with increased odds of IPV among the Richest group as compared to the Poorest group. This study provides evidence IPV may transcend economic boundaries, and that studies looking at the link between inequality and IPV are paramount for designing adequate preventative policies.

scholarly journals The association between intimate partner violence and condom use in 36 low-and middle-income countries

Contraception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
L Maxwell ◽  
H Brahmbhatt ◽  
K Devries ◽  
A Benedetti ◽  
J Wagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Interviewer effects on the reporting of intimate partner violence in the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Heath Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Nicholas Metheny ◽  
Rob Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Intimate partner violence is a global public health concern that is widely under-reported. Socio-demographic factors of the interviewer may contribute to a reluctance to report violence. The introduction of the fieldworker survey to the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey provides the first opportunity to test associations between interviewer characteristics and the reporting of intimate partner violence in the largest source of IPV data on intimate partner violence available for low- and middle-income countries. Three separate, multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the reporting of physical, sexual and emotional intimate partner violence and interviewer characteristics (age, sex and marital status, as well as differences in these indicators between interviewer and respondent), language of the interview and the interviewer’s previous experience conducting the Demographic and Health Survey. Previous experience as a Demographic and Health Survey interviewer was associated with significantly lower odds (OR: 0.67) of reporting physical intimate partner violence. Researchers should consider using the fieldworker data set in future studies to control for potential interviewer error, account for the clustering of data by interviewer and increase the robustness of Demographic and Health Survey analyses. Understanding how interviewers may shape the reporting of intimate partner violence is a step towards accurately measuring its burden in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence among Women with Disabilities in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Valentine ◽  
Ilhom Akobirshoev ◽  
Monika Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Violence against women with disabilities is pervasive, yet a paucity of research examines intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to document the prevalence and consequences of IPV exposure among Ugandan women with disabilities. Cross sectional data from the 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS) were used to study married and/or partnered women aged 15–49 who answered specific questions about lifetime intimate partner violence (N = 8592). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between disability, IPV, and indicators of maternal and child health. Compared to women without disabilities, women with disabilities were more likely to experience lifetime physical violence (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, p < 0.01), sexual violence (OR = 1.7, p < 0.01), and emotional abuse (1.4, p < 0.01) after controlling for sociodemographic and household characteristics. Study findings suggest that women with disabilities in Uganda may experience increased risk for IPV compared to women without disabilities, with concomitant risks to their health and the survival of their infants. Further research examining the prevalence and correlates of IPV in low- and middle-income countries is needed to address the needs and rights of women with disabilities.

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