Cytological studies of early stages of powdery mildew in barley and wheat. V. Effects of calcium on the infection of coleoptiles of barley by Erysiphe graminis hordei

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (20) ◽  
pp. 2544-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Takamatsu ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki ◽  
Hitoshi Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei ◽  
The Times ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Some effects of calcium salts on the infection process of Erysiphe graminis hordei in coleoptiles of barley were investigated. Calcium chloride enhanced the incidence of haustoria but depressed that of papillae. Calcium bromide and calcium nitrate likewise enhanced the incidence of haustoria. Calcium chloride treatment at varied times and with varied durations during incubation after inoculation showed that events occurring in coleoptiles between 9 and 13 h after inoculation were most affected by the treatment. This period included the times that appressoria matured, cytoplasm aggregated, papillae were produced, and haustoria were formed, and the effect of calcium might be associated with one or more of these events.

Cytological studies of early stages of powdery mildew in barley and wheat. VI. Antagonistic effects of calcium and lithium on the infection of coleoptiles of barley by Erysiphe graminis hordei

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takamatsu ◽  
H. Ishizaki ◽  
H. Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei

Earlier researchers have shown that the susceptibility of barley to infection by Erysiphe graminis hordei is enhanced by calcium ions but inhibited by lithium. Some effects of these ions on the infection process of E. graminis hordei in coleoptiles of barley were investigated in this study. Whereas 1 mM lithium chloride inhibited appressorial formation considerably and haustorial formation completely, these effects were totally offset by 10 mM calcium chloride. Moreover, whereas 5 and 10 mM lithium chloride inhibited both appressorial and haustorial formation completely, the former was offset considerably by 10 mM calcium chloride, but the latter was not.Sequential calcium chloride − lithium chloride or lithium chloride − calcium chloride treatments carried out at different times and for various durations showed that events occurring in coleoptiles 11 to 13 h after inoculation were most vulnerable to the treatments. These events correspond to infection stages involving the development of cytoplasmic aggregates, papillae, and haustoria. The data suggest that the two ions in question might compete for a common binding site in a reaction(s) associated with certain stages of appressorial and haustorial development.

Cytological studies of early stages of powdery mildew in barley and wheat. IX. Effect of various inorganic salts on the occurrence of autofluorescence at penetration sites of appressoria of Erysiphe graminis hordei

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2181-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kunoh ◽  
K. Yamamori ◽  
H. Ishizaki
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
Enhanced Fluorescence ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei

The effect of various inorganic salts on the occurrence of autofluorescence at penetration sites of appressoria of Erysiphe graminis hordei in barley coleoptiles was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ enhanced fluorescence to varying degrees. Among them, Ca2+ had the greatest enhancing effect; intense fluorescence occurred around penetration sites within 10 min after the inoculated coleoptiles were transferred from water to CaCl2 solution. However, other divalent cations such as Zn2+ and Fe2+ showed cytotoxicity to coleoptiles and did not elicit fluorescence. Monovalent cations such as K+, Na+, and Li+ did not show any enhancing effect independently. Anions seemed to be associated with enhancement of the flurorescence in combination with their related divalent cations but not independently. An observed elimination of fluorescence by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid suggests that the enhancing effect of some of the divalent cations may be associated with their interaction with a substance(s) which fluoresces only in combination with these cations.

scholarly journals Effects of Calcium Salts on the Cranberry Fruit Rot Disease Complex

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Blodgett ◽  
R. W. Caldwell ◽  
P. S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Calcium Propionate ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Calcium salts were applied during the growing season to fresh-fruit cranberry beds to test their effects on cranberry fruit rot incidence and the incidence of specific fungi isolated from rotten and sound cranberry fruit at the time of harvest and after storage. Calcium salts did not affect fruit rot incidence, nor did they affect the recovery of specific fungi from berries. The field treatments did not result in higher calcium content in mature berries, nor did they affect the force required to penetrate the berry epidermis. Calcium propionate inhibited growth in vitro of Allantophomopsis cytisporea, A. lycopodina, Coleophoma empetri, Fusicoccum putrefaciens, and Physalospora vaccinii. Calcium chloride and calcium nitrate inhibited growth of Coleophoma empetri and Fusicoccum putrefaciens, but these salts enhanced growth of Physalospora vaccinii. P. vaccinii was the fungus most frequently isolated from rotten berries at the time of harvest. The fungi most frequently isolated from rotten berries after several weeks in storage varied among sites. P. vaccinii, which was common in sound fruit at harvest, persisted in sound fruit in storage but was also isolated frequently from rotten berries after storage. A. lycopodina and F. putrefaciens, which were isolated infrequently from sound berries at the time of harvest, were isolated frequently from rotten berries after storage. In two of four trials, no fungi were isolated from a large proportion of fruit that decayed in storage.

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