Cytoplasmic substitutions involving six Avena species

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Quantitative Inheritance ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Nuclear Genomes

Alloplasmic lines involving the nuclear genomes of the hexaploid oat Avena sativa, the cytoplasms of the diploid species A. canariensis, A. hirtula, A. pilosa, A. prostrata, and A. ventricosa, and the tetraploid A. barbata have been produced. The cytoplasmic effects on growth rate and flowering date are described with particular reference to the introduction of the cytoplasm from the two C-genome diploid species.Key words: Avena, quantitative inheritance, cytoplasmic effects.

CHROMOSOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CULTIVATED OAT AVENA SATIVA (6x) AND A. VENTRICOSA (2x)

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Hexaploid Species ◽  
C Genome

Chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrid between the cultivated oat Avena sativa and a diploid species A. ventricosa, and in the derived amphiploid, shows that the diploid species is related to one of the genomes of the hexaploid species. The amount of chromosome pairing observed in complex interamphiploid hybrids demonstrates further that A. ventricosa is related to the C. genome of A. sativa. However, the chromosomes of the diploid species have become differentiated from that of the C genome of A. sativa and this is readily apparent in the meiotic behaviour of both the F1 hybrid and the amphiploid.

The genomic identification of some monosomics of Avena sativa L. cv. Sun II using genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Leggett ◽  
G. S. Markhand
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
C Genome

Genomic in situ hybridization using total genomic DNA extracted from the C genome diploid species Avena eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, genome CpCp) was used to identify monosomics (2n = 6x − 1 = 41) of the constituent genomes of the hexaploid cultivated oat A. sativa L. cv. Sun II (2n = 6x = 42, genomes AACCDD). The results demonstrate 3 AD/C and 6 C/AD chromosome translocations, indicate that five of the missing monosomics are derived from the C genome, and show that there are duplicates within the partial monosomic series. Chromosome polymorphisms between some monosomic lines are also demonstrated.Key words: Avena, monosomics, genomic in situ hybridization, genomic identification.

EVOLUTION IN THE GENUS AVENA: INHERITANCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF RIBULOSE DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Paths ◽  
Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase

Disc electrophoresis of ribulose diphosphate carboxylases from Avena species in polyacrylamide gels of varying concentrations reveals the presence of two distinct forms of the enzyme. One migrates faster than the other and is found exclusively in species possessing the A genome. The other is confined to the C genome species (A. pilosa, A. ventricosa, A. clauda). The association of another characteristic of this enzyme (presence of stromacentres in the chloroplasts) with the A genome was reported previously. Observations on the recently described species A. prostrata, A. canariensis, A. damascena, and A. murphyi show that they all possess stromacentres, confirming reports that they all contain the A genome. Examination of amphiploid hybrids (from crosses between various diploid species and A. sativa) has shown that the mobility character is inherited maternally, and is located on the chloroplast genome. All these hybrids have the A genome and all have stromacentres. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings on the structure and synthesis of this enzyme. Consideration of the species distribution of the different forms of carboxylase places certain restrictions on the possible evolutionary paths from diploids to tetraploids and hexaploids.

Contribution of growth rate and harvest index to grain yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) following selfing and outcrossing of M1 plants

Euphytica ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Jalani ◽  
K. J. Frey ◽  
T. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Of Oats

EVOLUTION OF AVENA SATIVA: ORIGIN OF THE CYTOPLASMIC GENOME

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Steer ◽  
Hugh Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
C Genome

Comparisons of the isoelectric points of the large subunits from the enzyme ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, extracted from species and hybrids of Avena, provide conclusive evidence for the origin of the cytoplasmic genome of the hexapioid A. sativa L. from the A. genome diploids rather than the C genome diploids.

The use of double fluorescence in situ hybridization to physically map the positions of 5S rDNA genes in relation to the chromosomal location of 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA and a C genome specific DNA sequence in the genus Avena

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Linares ◽  
Juan González ◽  
Esther Ferrer ◽  
Araceli Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Rdna Loci ◽  
C Genome

A physical map of the locations of the 5S rDNA genes and their relative positions with respect to 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA genes and a C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence was produced for the chromosomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid oat species using in situ hybridization. The A genome diploid species showed two pairs of rDNA loci and two pairs of 5S loci located on both arms of one pair of satellited chromosomes. The C genome diploid species showed two major pairs and one minor pair of rDNA loci. One pair of subtelocentric chromosomes carried rDNA and 5S loci physically separated on the long arm. The tetraploid species (AACC genomes) arising from these diploid ancestors showed two pairs of rDNA loci and three pairs of 5S loci. Two pairs of rDNA loci and 2 pairs of 5S loci were arranged as in the A genome diploid species. The third pair of 5S loci was located on one pair of A–C translocated chromosomes using simultaneous in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA genes and a C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence. The hexaploid species (AACCDD genomes) showed three pairs of rDNA loci and six pairs of 5S loci. One pair of 5S loci was located on each of two pairs of C–A/D translocated chromosomes. Comparative studies of the physical arrangement of rDNA and 5S loci in polyploid oats and the putative A and C genome progenitor species suggests that A genome diploid species could be the donor of both A and D genomes of polyploid oats. Key words : oats, 5S rDNA genes, 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA genes, C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence, in situ hybridization, genome evolution.

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F9-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TAKEDA ◽  
K. J. FREY ◽  
T. B. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Day Plot

The contributions of growth rate (GR) and harvest index (HI) to grain yield (GYD) were studied using 1200 F9-derived lines of oats tested for 2 yr. Heritability ranged from 20 to 40% for GYD, GR, and HI. Genotypic correlations of GYD with GR were ca. 0.7 and with HI ca. 0.3. More than 95% of GYD variation was due to GR and HI. An increase of 0.1 g/day/plot GR would result in a 14% increase in GYD, and a 5% increase of HI would cause an 18–19% increase in GYD. GR was positively correlated with heading date and plant height, and negatively with HI.

Comparative cytogenetic analysis of Avena macrostachya and diploid C-genome Avena species

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina D. Badaeva ◽  
Olga Yu. Shelukhina ◽  
Axel Diederichsen ◽  
Igor G. Loskutov ◽  
Vitaly A. Pukhalskiy
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Genome Group ◽  
26S Rrna

The chromosome set of Avena macrostachya Balansa ex Coss. et Durieu was analyzed using C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA gene probes, and the results were compared with the C-genome diploid Avena L. species. The location of major nucleolar organizer regions and 5S rDNA sites on different chromosomes confirmed the affiliation of A. macrostachya with the C-genome group. However, the symmetric karyotype, the absence of “diffuse heterochromatin”, and the location of large C-band complexes in proximal chromosome regions pointed to an isolated position of A. macrostachya from other Avena species. Based on the distribution of rDNA loci on the C-genome chromosomes of diploid and polyploid Avena species, we propose a model of the chromosome alterations that occurred during the evolution of oat species.

Phylogeny and species delimitation of the C-genome diploid species in Oryza

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Li ZANG ◽  
Xin-Hui ZOU ◽  
Fu-Min ZHANG ◽  
Ziheng YANG ◽  
Song GE
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
C Genome

scholarly journals Cytogenetical Studies on the Genus Oryza : VII. Cytogenetical Studies on F1 Hybrids between Diploid O. punctata and Diploid Species having C genome

1974 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taira KATAYAMA ◽  
Tsugufumi OGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Genus Oryza
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