FORWARD CONTRACTS AND FUTURES CONTRACTS

2008 ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Robert A. JARROW ◽  
George S. OLDFIELD
1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Jarrow ◽  
George S. Oldfield

Author(s):  
Tomas Björk

This chapter contains a substantial extension of the more elementary theory of forwards and futures developed in Chapter 7. We derive a general pricing formula for forward contracts. Futures contracts are discussed in some detail and it is shown that a futures contract can be viewed as a certain price dividend pair. Using the dividend theory of Chapter 16 we derive formulas for futures contracts using the martingale approach. As an application we derive the Black-76 futures option pricing formula.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao ◽  
James Moser

Using data that cover a full business cycle, this paper documents a direct relationship between interest-rate derivative usage by U.S. banks and growth in their commercial and industrial (C&I) loan portfolios. This positive association holds for interest-rate options contracts, forward contracts, and futures contracts. This result is consistent with the implication of Diamond’s model (1984) that predicts that a bank’s use of derivatives permits better management of systematic risk exposure, thereby lowering the cost of delegated monitoring, and generates net benefits of intermediation services. The paper’s sample consists of all FDIC-insured commercial banks between 1996 and 2004 having total assets greater than $300 million and having a portfolio of C&I loans. The main results remain after a robustness check.


2006 ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Skorobogatov

The paper is dedicated to the New Institutional and Post Keynesian perspectives on institutions and their relation to economic stability. Embeddedness, institutional environment, and institutional arrangements are considered. Within these institutions conventional expectations, the economic policy and forward contracts are analyzed. Upon these perspectives the author shows a contradictory relation between institutions and the order and develops an institutional theory of business cycles.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Noryati Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Danial Zainudin ◽  
Fahmi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Catherine S F Ho

Since its establishment, Crude Palm Oil futures contract (FCPO) has been used to directly hedge its physical crude palm oil (CPO). However, due to the excessive speculation activities on crude palm oil futures market, it has been said to be no longer an effective hedging tool to mitigate the price risk of its underlying physical market. This triggers the need for market players to find possible alternatives to ensure that the hedging role can be executed effectively. Thus this investigation attempts to examine whether other inter-related grains and oil seed futures contracts could serve as effective cross-hedging mechanisms for the CPO. Weekly data of inter-related futures contracts from Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) are employed to cross hedge the physical crude palm oil prices. The study starts from 2006 until 2016. Empirical results indicate that FCPO is still the best futures contract for hedging purposes while Chicago Soybean (CBOTBO) provides second best alternative if cross-hedging is considered. Keywords: Crude palm oil, Crude palm oil futures, Cross Hedging, Optimal Hedge Ratio, Effective Hedging


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