Prolonged trophic effects of vagal innervation on diaphragm

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-817
Author(s):  
N. C. Jefferson ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
Y. Kuroyanagi ◽  
T. Geisel ◽  
J. Toman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Motion ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Trophic Effects ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been shown that if the proximal end of a cut vagus nerve is anastomosed to the distal end of a cut phrenic nerve, the musculature of the hemidiaphragm is preserved, although inactive; it contracts upon direct stimulation and, also, upon stimulation of the vagus nerve above its anastomosis. These observations lasted for 22.7–31.5 months and confirm previous work which was of shorter duration. Thus, it is demonstrated that preservation of structure of muscle by innervation by a "foreign" nerve may last, perhaps indefinitely, in the absence of the normal respiratory motion of the hemidiaphragm.

Functional anatomy of the vagal innervation of the cervical trachea of the dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Coon ◽  
Patrick J. Mueller ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The canine cervical trachea has been used for numerous studies regarding the neural control of tracheal smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is lateral dominance by either the left or right vagal innervation of the canine cervical trachea. In anesthetized dogs, pressure in the cuff of the endotracheal tube was used as an index of smooth muscle tone in the trachea. After establishment of tracheal tone, as indicated by increased cuff pressure, either the right or left vagus nerve was sectioned followed by section of the contralateral vagus. Sectioning the right vagus first resulted in total loss of tone in the cervical trachea, whereas sectioning the left vagus first produced either a partial or no decrease in tracheal tone. After bilateral section of the vagi, cuff pressure was recorded during electrical stimulation of the rostral end of the right or left vagus. At the maximum current strength used, stimulation of the left vagus produced tracheal constriction that averaged 28.5% of the response to stimulation of the right vagus (9.0 ± 1.8 and 31.6 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively). In conclusion, the musculature of cervical trachea in the dog appears to be predominantly controlled by vagal efferents in the right vagus nerve.

Stimulation of the phrenic nerve as a complication of vagus nerve pacing in a patient with epilepsy

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1224-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S.S. Leijten ◽  
P. C. Van Rijen
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The effect of evocalcet on vagus nerve activity of the gastrointestinal tract in miniature pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245785
Author(s):  
Shin Tokunaga ◽  
Takehisa Kawata
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Nerve Action ◽  
Calcimimetic Agents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Evocalcet is a novel calcimimetic agent with fewer gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects compared to cinacalcet. Although it is thought that cinacalcet induces GI side effects through the direct stimulation of the calcium receptor (CaR) expressed in the GI tract, the differences in the direct stimulatory effects of these two drugs on the GI tract have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the difference in the GI effects of these two calcimimetic agents using miniature pigs by detecting vagus nerve stimulation after oral administration of the agents. Although cinacalcet induced vomiting in miniature pigs, evocalcet never induced emetic symptoms. A significant increase in the vagus nerve action potentials was observed after the administration of cinacalcet. Although the increase of that after the administration of evocalcet was mild and not significant in comparison to that in the vehicle group, it was not significantly different from the vagus nerve action potentials after cinacalcet treatment.

Inspiratory rhythm in airway smooth muscle tone

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mitchell ◽  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
D. G. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Phrenic Nerve Activity ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2 ◽  
Stimulation Of

In anesthetized paralyzed open-chested cats ventilated with low tidal volumes at high frequency, we recorded phrenic nerve activity, transpulmonary pressure (TPP), and either the tension in an upper tracheal segment or the impulse activity in a pulmonary branch of the vagus nerve. The TPP and upper tracheal segment tension fluctuated with respiration, with peak pressure and tension paralleling phrenic nerve activity. Increased end-tidal CO2 or stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors with sodium cyanide increased both TPP and tracheal segment tension during the increased activity of the phrenic nerve. Lowering end-tidal CO2 or hyperinflating the lungs to achieve neural apnea (lack of phrenic activity) caused a decrease in TPP and tracheal segment tension and abolished the inspiratory fluctuations. During neural apnea produced by lowering end-tidal CO2, lung inflation caused no further decrease in tracheal segment tension and TPP. Likewise, stimulation of the cervical sympathetics, which caused a reduction in TPP and tracheal segment tension during normal breathing, caused no further reduction in these parameters when the stimulation occurred during neural apnea. During neural apnea the tracheal segment tension and TPP were the same as those following the transection of the vagi or the administration of atropine (0.5 mg/kg). Numerous fibers in the pulmonary branch of the vagus nerve fired in synchrony with the phrenic nerve. Only these fibers had activity which paralleled changes in TPP and tracheal tension. We propose that the major excitatory input to airway smooth muscle arises from cholinergic nerves that fire during inspiration, which have preganglionic cell bodies in the ventral respiratory group in the region of the nucleus ambiguus and are driven by the same pattern generators that drive the phrenic and inspiratory intercostal motoneurons.

Trophic maintenance of the diaphragm by various nerves

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Jefferson ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
J. Toman ◽  
W. Scruggs ◽  
H. Necheles
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Stimulation Of

In dogs, the central end of the cut phrenic or vagus nerve was anastomosed to the distal end of the phrenic nerve. After phreno-phrenic anastomosis, slight atrophy of the muscle and nerve elements of the diaphragm occurred up to 7–8 weeks, followed by regeneration. At that time, electric stimulation of the nerve above the anastomosis produced contraction of the diaphragm, although respiratory function was absent. Ten to eleven weeks after anastomosis, spontaneous respiration recurred. In the case of vagophrenic anastomosis, spontaneous respiration did not reappear within 58 weeks, but stimulation of the vagus above the anastomosis produced contraction of the diaphragm, and histologic study showed regeneration of muscle and nerve elements. It is concluded, that trophic maintenance of the diaphragm depends on the presence of functionable innervation, not necessarily on functioning innervation.

Bradycardia Induced by Intravascular Versus Direct Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W Thompson ◽  
James M Levett ◽  
Scott M Miller ◽  
Michael R.S Hill ◽  
William G Meffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Brian Heubel ◽  
Anja Nohe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Bmp Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.

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