Direct Fick application for measurement of cardiac output in rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Walsh ◽  
M. Tsuchiya ◽  
E. D. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output Determination ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Probe ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements

The direct Fick procedure for cardiac output determination in rat was validated by simultaneous comparison with electromagnetic flowmeter techniques. Significant coefficients of correlation were obtained between absolute cardiac output values (r = 0.789, P less than 0.001), increases (r = 0.768, P less than 0.001) and decreases (r = 0.672, P less than 0.01) in cardiac output detected by the two methods. As demonstrated in other species, cardiac output values of the Fick procedure in the rat were between 40 and 58% greater than respective electromagnetic flow probe values; however, percent changes in cardiac output obtained by the two methods were similar. The larger values of cardiac output obtained by the direct Fick method may be related, to a great extent, to the distribution of blood flow to the coronary and bronchial circulations. Fick cardiac output measurements were reproducible within rats, and the degree of variation in values among rats was similar to that obtained with the flowmeter procedure. The result indicate that the Fick meth od provides a valid estimation of cardiac output in the rat, with the ability to detect moderate changes (22–36%) in cardiac output.

Electromagnetic flow-probe implantation for cardiac output measurements in rabbits

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod R. Saxena ◽  
Martin Van Boom ◽  
Kees Van Doorn ◽  
Wistaria I. Cairo-Rawlins
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Probe ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements

Independent control of mucosal and total airway blood flow during hypoxemia

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Elsasser ◽  
W. M. Long ◽  
H. J. Baier ◽  
A. D. Chediak ◽  
A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Mucosal Blood Flow ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Microvascular Network ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Probe ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Tracheal Mucosal Blood Flow

In the larger airways, the blood circulation forms a subepithelial (mucosal) and outer (peribronchial) microvascular network. This raises the possibility that blood flow in these two networks is regulated independently. We used hypoxemia as a stimulus to induce changes in tracheal mucosal blood flow normalized for systemic arterial pressure (Qtr n) measured with an inert soluble gas technique and total bronchial blood flow (Qbr) and normalized Qbr (Qbrn) measured with an electromagnetic flow probe in anesthetized sheep. Fifteen minutes of hypoxemia [PO2 40 +/- 7 (SD) Torr] decreased mean Qtr n from 1.1 +/- 0.4 to 0.8 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.10(2) (-27%; P less than 0.05; n = 7) and increased mean Qbr n from 12.1 +/- 3.2 to 17.1 +/- 5.4 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.10(2) (+41%; P less than 0.05; n = 6). The rise in Qbr correlated with cardiac output (r = 0.68; P less than 0.05). Phentolamine pretreatment (0.1 mg/kg iv) blunted the hypoxemia-related decrease of mean Qtr n (-8%; P = NS). Tyramine (2.5 mg) applied locally to the trachea decreased mean Qtr n significantly after 30 and 45 min by 31 and 19%, respectively (P less than 0.05). 6-Hydroxydopamine (0.2 mg 4 times for 1 h locally applied) prevented the hypoxemia-induced as well as local tyramine-induced decrease in mean Qtr n (0 and 0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Applicability of echocardiography in volume determinations in experimental animals

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lust ◽  
L. O. Lutherer ◽  
M. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Probe ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Indicator Dilution Techniques

A method is described for the use of echocardiography in volume determinations in the experimental animal. Suitability of the technique in both acute and chronically implanted animals was tested. Stroke volumes derived from calculations based on echo data were compared with those obtained by an electromagnetic flow probe placed around the aorta. High correlation was found in both the acute (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) and the chronic (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001) preparations. Cardiac output computed from echocardiographic data and compared with those based on either flow probe or indicator-dilution techniques also showed a high degree of correlation in both the acute (r = 0.91 and 0.95, respectively; P less than 0.001) and chronic (r = 0.98 and 0.94, respectively, P less than 0.001) preparations. It is suggested that echocardiography, because of the potential to measure many indicators of myocardial function in addition to volume, represents a significant improvement in the techniques available for basic cardiovascular experimentation.

scholarly journals Correlation of Carotid Blood Flow and Carotid Flow Time With Invasive Cardiac Output Measurements

CHEST Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 297A
Author(s):  
Irene Ma ◽  
Joshua Caplin ◽  
Aftab Azad ◽  
Christina Wilson ◽  
Michael Fifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements ◽  
Carotid Flow

Cardiac Output Determination

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Woods ◽  
Susan Osguthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurement ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
Thermodilution Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Output Determination ◽  
Output System ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements ◽  
Management Issues

Critical care nurses frequently are involved in obtaining cardiac output measurements and in using these data to assess and to plan therapy. This article reviews the physiologic determinants of cardiac output and the clinical factors that influence these determinants. Principles and techniques of common methods of cardiac output measurement are discussed. A thorough presentation of guidelines for troubleshooting problems with thermodilution cardiac output measurement is provided in a table. Nursing management issues are discussed using relevant nursing research. Future considerations in cardiac output measurement are discussed, and suggestions of an ideal cardiac output system are provided

Relation between intestinal motility and mesenteric blood flow in the conscious dog

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. G108-G113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fioramonti ◽  
L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Mesenteric Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Conscious Dog ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Probe

Blood flow in a mesenteric artery and electrical activity of the corresponding segment of jejunum or ileum were simultaneously measured in eight conscious dogs. Each was fitted chronically with an electromagnetic flow probe and transparietal electrodes. In some dogs an intestinal cannula was placed cephalad to the segment investigated. Continuous 24-h records were obtained in each dog receiving a daily meal. Jejunal blood flow increased after the meal, decreased progressively during the postprandial period (7-12 h), and then exhibited cyclic variations associated with the occurrence of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) during the next 6-10 h. The ileal blood flow increased, then remained high and nearly constant during the postprandial disorganization of the MMC pattern, and exhibited cyclic variations associated with all MMCs even when the dog was fasted for 48 h. Cyclic variations in blood flow were abolished when the intestinal content was drained through the cannula. It is concluded that in the conscious dog the blood flow profile in a mesenteric artery is associated with the motor profile of the segment. This association is due to the presence of digestive matter, probably nutrients in the jejunum and bile in the ileum.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Arteriovenous Ultrasound Measurement of Cardiac Output in Small Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor S. Sigurdsson ◽  
Anders Aronsson ◽  
Lars Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Blood Dilution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic To date, there are not clinically practical, accurate, and precise noninvasive methods for measuring cardiac output in small children What This Article Tells Us That Is New This study describes a noninvasive method by which ultrasound can be used in small children to determine cardiac output with good precision After surgery in 43 small children for repair of atrial or ventricular septal defects, cardiac output measurements performed using saline bolus injections and ultrasound detection of the expected blood dilution showed similar precision for measuring cardiac output as a cardiac outputs measured using periaortic flow probe Background Technology for cardiac output (CO) and blood volume measurements has been developed based on blood dilution with a small bolus of physiologic body temperature saline, which, after transcardiopulmonary mixing, is detected with ultrasound sensors attached to an extracorporeal arteriovenous loop using existing central venous and peripheral arterial catheters. This study aims to compare the precision and agreement of this technology to measure cardiac output with a reference method, a perivascular flow probe placed around the aorta, in young children. The null hypothesis is that the methods are equivalent in precision, and there is no bias in the cardiac output measurements. Methods Forty-three children scheduled for cardiac surgery were included in this prospective single-center comparison study. After corrective cardiac surgery, five consecutive repeated cardiac output measurements were performed simultaneously by both methods. Results A total of 215 cardiac output measurements were compared in 43 children. The mean age of the children was 354 days (range, 30 to 1,303 days), and the mean weight was 7.1 kg (range, 2.7 to 13.6 kg). The precision assessed as two times the coefficient of error was 3.6% for the ultrasound method and 5.0% for the flow probe. Bias (mean COultrasound 1.28 l/min − mean COflow probe 1.20 l/min) was 0.08 l/min, limits of agreement was ±0.32 l/min, and the percentage error was 26.6%. Conclusions The technology to measure cardiac output with ultrasound detection of blood dilution after a bolus injection of saline yields comparable precision as cardiac output measurements by a periaortic flow probe. The difference in accuracy in the measured cardiac output between the methods can be explained by the coronary blood flow, which is excluded in the cardiac output measurements by the periaortic flow probe.

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