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2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Elisa Helena Paz Andrade ◽  
◽  
Leorges Moraes da Fonseca ◽  
Marcelo Resende de Souza ◽  
Cláudia Freire de Andrade Morais Penna ◽  
...  

Fermented milk beverage is a product containing milk, whey and/or other ingredients, fermented by specific microorganisms and/or added with fermented milks. Fat determination in this product is important to quality control and inspection. The Gerber method is used worldwide as a simple and rapid method for fat content analysis in raw and processed milks. In Brazil, Roese-Gottlieb is the official method for analysis of fat content in milk beverages. However, the use of Gerber method for fat content determination in fermented milk beverages is widespread throughout the industry in the country. Several authors have tested the use of Gerber method for some dairy products, but there is no report on this evaluation for fermented milk beverages. In this context, the objectives of this work were to determine the fat content of fermented milk beverages by the Gerber method and evaluate the performance of this test, using Roese-Gottlieb as a reference method. Thirty samples of fermented milk beverages were analyzed by both methods. The fat contents ranged from 1.25 to 2.40% by the Gerber method and from 1.24 to 2.50% by the Roese-Gottlieb method. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between the methods. The Gerber method can be used to determine the fat content of fermented milk beverages, without prejudice to the results obtained.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wolff ◽  
Arne C. Rodloff ◽  
Paul Vielkind ◽  
Toralf Borgmann ◽  
Catalina-Suzana Stingu

Actinomyces species play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and infections. Susceptibility testing is not always routinely performed, and one may oversee a shift in resistance patterns. The aim of the study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 well-identified clinical oral isolates of Actinomyces spp. against eight selected antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution (AD) and E-Test (ET) methods. We observed no to low resistance against penicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid and tigecycline (0–2% ET, 0% AD) but high levels of resistance to moxifloxacin (93% ET, 87% AD) and daptomycin (83% ET, 95% AD). The essential agreement of the two methods was very good for benzylpenicillin (EA 95%) and meropenem (EA 92%). The ET method was reliable for correctly categorizing susceptibility, in comparison with the reference method agar dilution, except for daptomycin (categorical agreement 87%). Penicillin is still the first-choice antibiotic for therapy of diseases caused by Actinomyces spp.


Author(s):  
Wassim Lafi ◽  
Fathi Gharbi ◽  
Ali Akrout ◽  
Mohamed Haddar

The presence of a differential mechanism is fundamental in most automotive applications. Its importance stems from allowing a vehicle to take a curve. The differential should be well-lubricated to ensure its smooth operation and mitigate its vibration level. With lubrication conditions deteriorating over time, the sliding friction coefficient becomes difficult to predict its accurate value. Thus, scrutinizing the dynamic performance of the mechanism with deterministic sliding friction can be misleading. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic performance of the automotive differential with the presence of interval sliding friction. To this end, a 3D dimensional model of automotive differential with time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) and bearing flexibility is proposed. The influence of sliding friction on TVMS for straight bevel gear is revealed. The Newton-Euler formulation is used to derive the dynamic equations governing the motions of the automotive differential with friction. The Chebyshev inclusion function and the least square method are used to deal with the interval mathematical formulation of the model. The scanning method is used as a reference method in this paper. There are quite similarities between the results derived by the scanning method and that of the interval process method. The reliability analysis of the differential is conducted. The outcome of this research shows that any variation of the sliding friction can alter the dynamic performance of the differential significantly. The differential is more sensitive to the friction coefficient between the ring gear and the drive pinion and between the left-side gear and two planets. The findings should make an important contribution to the analysis of the differential mechanism.


2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Gun ◽  
Yeliz Tanriverdi Cayci ◽  
Belma Durupinar ◽  
Ahmet Yilmaz Coban

Background: The quick diagnosis and early initiation of antibiotic therapy in bacteria-induced infections is of paramount importance. Accordingly, the rapid identification of the causative agent, the short-term results of antibiotic sensitivity, the selection and use of right antibiotics for treatment further highlights the significance of this issue. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a new susceptibility testing method to provide rapid results in Escherichia coli clinical isolates and report the antibiotic susceptibility test results to clinicians in a short period. Methods: In the study, one hundred and ten E. coli clinical isolates were tested. In this regard, antibiotics recommended by the "Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)" for testing the sensitivity of E. coli isolates, including amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin were tested. For quality control, E. coli ATCC25922, E. coli ATCC35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and E. coli 13846NTCC strains were used. The broth microdilution method recommended by CLSI was used as the reference method. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined, and antimicrobial susceptibilities were then determined according to the “European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)” criteria. In the next phase, the results of the resazurin microplate method (RMM) were compared. Results: The comparison of the RMM developed in the present study with the reference method revealed that the calculated essential agreement ratios for eight antibiotics varied from 82.72 to 100%, and the categorical agreement values ranged from 95.45 to100%. Conclusions: According to the findings, the RMM results were highly in agreement with the results of the reference method. RMM allows the detection of antibiotic susceptibility quickly (e.g., within 5 hours) as such it is preferred, especially for laboratories with limited facilities. However, further multi-center studies are recommended to use this method in routine laboratories.


2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Quinteros ◽  
Carola Blazquez ◽  
Felipe Rosas ◽  
Salvador Ayala ◽  
Ximena Marcela Ossa García ◽  
...  

Abstract: Automatic geocoding methods have become popular in recent years, facilitating the study of the association between health outcomes and the place of living. However, rather few studies have evaluated geocoding quality, with most of them being performed in the US and Europe. This article aims to compare the quality of three automatic online geocoding tools against a reference method. A subsample of 300 handwritten addresses from hospital records was geocoded using Bing, Google Earth, and Google Maps. Match rates were higher (> 80%) for Google Maps and Google Earth compared with Bing. However, the accuracy of the addresses was better for Bing with a larger proportion (> 70%) of addresses with positional errors below 20m. Generally, performance did not vary for each method for different socioeconomic status. Overall, the methods showed an acceptable, but heterogeneous performance, which may be a warning against the use of automatic methods without assessing quality in other municipalities, particularly in Chile and Latin America.


2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. S. Calaça ◽  
D. G. Sousa ◽  
J. S. Belém-Junior ◽  
R. C. P. Faquim ◽  
S. Xavier-Santos ◽  
...  

Abstract Fungi are important in several aspects of human life. In particular, to agriculture, pathogenic fungi are of great importance, as they are responsible for production losses of the most diverse types. Because of this, knowledge about pathogenic fungus is of extreme importance for farmers and professionals working in agricultural areas. Among farmers who use specific agroecological practices, this knowledge is even more valuable, since by not adopting conventional methods of production, they resort to non-invasive alternatives that are less or not harmful at all to the environment in consideration of production management methods. This study aimed to assess farmer perception in the Cerrado biome in the city of Goiás (GO), Brazil, in order to understand their ethnomycological perceptions to verify historical management practices, their knowledge about phytopathogenic fungi, and how these producers perceive fungi. We used the theoretical reference method “From peasant to peasant” formulated by ANPA - National Association of Small Farmers. Some aspects of farmers’ ethnomycological knowledge are discussed. These ease identification the representatives of the Fungi Kingdom is associated with organisms that present easily recognizable characteristics, such as wood-ears or disease-causing fungi. In general, farmers are able to identify representatives of the Fungi Kingdom that are found in their daily lives. The perception of farmers about fungi, a group still much unknown by society, is very relevant for future actions of ethnomycology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lin Shao

As the mixed education model gradually becomes widespread in various universities in Japan, the evaluation of the quality of IT English mixed education has become a very important issue, and it is worth considering the corresponding evaluation method. In this paper, we use a data mining algorithm to implement an evaluation method for the interconversion of quantitative data and qualitative concepts and use the IT English mixed teaching model to evaluate and analyze the teaching quality of the course. The evaluation method is feasible and provides a mixing method. Evaluation of the quality of education. Reference method.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Dominik F. Bauer ◽  
Constantin Ulrich ◽  
Tom Russ ◽  
Alena-Kathrin Golla ◽  
Lothar R. Schad ◽  
...  

Metal artifacts are common in CT-guided interventions due to the presence of metallic instruments. These artifacts often obscure clinically relevant structures, which can complicate the intervention. In this work, we present a deep learning CT reconstruction called iCTU-Net for the reduction of metal artifacts. The network emulates the filtering and back projection steps of the classical filtered back projection (FBP). A U-Net is used as post-processing to refine the back projected image. The reconstruction is trained end-to-end, i.e., the inputs of the iCTU-Net are sinograms and the outputs are reconstructed images. The network does not require a predefined back projection operator or the exact X-ray beam geometry. Supervised training is performed on simulated interventional data of the abdomen. For projection data exhibiting severe artifacts, the iCTU-Net achieved reconstructions with SSIM = 0.970±0.009 and PSNR = 40.7±1.6. The best reference method, an image based post-processing network, only achieved SSIM = 0.944±0.024 and PSNR = 39.8±1.9. Since the whole reconstruction process is learned, the network was able to fully utilize the raw data, which benefited from the removal of metal artifacts. The proposed method was the only studied method that could eliminate the metal streak artifacts.


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