Practical implementation of the barometric method for measurement of tidal volume

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Epstein ◽  
M. A. Epstein ◽  
G. G. Haddad ◽  
R. B. Mellins
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
New Method ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Complex Problems

The barometric method is unique in permitting measurement of tidal volume in a totally noninvasive manner. Its application and accuracy have been limited by several complex problems. These include control of inspired gas composition, base-line stability, and asymmetry of processes occurring during inspiration and expiration. A new method is described that addresses these problems and facilitates long-term measurements. New calculations, which avoid previous errors that caused the method to systematically underestimate tidal volume, are illustrated.

scholarly journals Novel robust time series analysis for long-term and short-term prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Okamura ◽  
Yutaka Osada ◽  
Shota Nishijima ◽  
Shinto Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
New Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Least Absolute Deviations ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Long Term Prediction

AbstractNonlinear phenomena are universal in ecology. However, their inference and prediction are generally difficult because of autocorrelation and outliers. A traditional least squares method for parameter estimation is capable of improving short-term prediction by estimating autocorrelation, whereas it has weakness to outliers and consequently worse long-term prediction. In contrast, a traditional robust regression approach, such as the least absolute deviations method, alleviates the influence of outliers and has potentially better long-term prediction, whereas it makes accurately estimating autocorrelation difficult and possibly leads to worse short-term prediction. We propose a new robust regression approach that estimates autocorrelation accurately and reduces the influence of outliers. We then compare the new method with the conventional least squares and least absolute deviations methods by using simulated data and real ecological data. Simulations and analysis of real data demonstrate that the new method generally has better long-term and short-term prediction ability for nonlinear estimation problems using spawner–recruitment data. The new method provides nearly unbiased autocorrelation even for highly contaminated simulated data with extreme outliers, whereas other methods fail to estimate autocorrelation accurately.

Exceedance Degree‐Hours: A new method for assessing long‐term thermal conditions

Indoor Air ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shide Salimi ◽  
Esteban Estrella Guillén ◽  
Holly Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
New Method

scholarly journals The security of the BLT signature scheme with practical implementation issues

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Triệu Quang Phong ◽  
Võ Tùng Linh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
Timing Information

Abstract—KSI infrastructure is a time-stamping and server-based signature solution deployed in Estonia to provide the integrity and timing information of data. With the goal of providing a personal signature that does not depend on the long-term secrecy of signing keys, Buldas et al. have proposed a BLT scheme that is based on the KSI infrastructure. Although Buldas et al. have shown that the (modified) BLT scheme is secure in the theoretical model, the fact that its practical implementation does not follow that description. In this paper, we will evaluate and provide two attack scenarios if the BLT schema is implemented in such a way, and then propose a solution to that problem. Tóm tắt—Hạ tầng KSI là một giải pháp chữ ký dựa trên máy chủ chứa thông tin thời gian được thử nghiệm triển khai ở Estonia để cung cấp tính toàn vẹn và thông tin về thời gian của dữ liệu.Với mục tiêu tạo ra một chữ ký số cá nhân mà không phụ thuộc vào tính bí mật lâu dài của các khóa ký, Buldas và các cộng sự đã đề xuất lược đồ BLT dựa trên nền của hạ tầng KSI. Mặc dù, Buldas và các cộng sự đã chỉ ra rằng lược đồ BLT (sửa đổi) là an toàn trong mô hình lý thuyết, nhưng triển khai thực tế của lược đồ này không hoàn toàn tuân theo mô tả đó. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi sẽ đánh giá và đưa ra hai kịch bản tấn công nếu lược đồ BLT được triển khai như vậy, và sau đó đề xuất một giải pháp cho vấn đề đó.

Naloxone alters the early response to an inspiratory flow-resistive load

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1747-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Scardella ◽  
T. V. Santiago ◽  
N. H. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gastric Pressure

In a previous study in unanesthetized goats, we demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-endorphin were significantly elevated after 2.5 h of inspiratory flow-resistive loading. Naloxone (NLX) (0.1 mg/kg) administration partially and transiently reversed the tidal volume depression seen during loading. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous opioid elaboration results in depression of respiratory output to the diaphragm. In six studies of five unanesthetized goats, tidal volume (VT), transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi), and arterial blood gases were monitored. A continuous NLX (0.1 mg/kg) or saline (SAL) infusion was begun 5 min before an inspiratory flow-resistive load of 120 cmH2O.l-1.s was imposed. Our data show that the depression of VT induced by the load was prevented by NLX as early as 15 min and persisted for 2 h. At 2 h, Pdi was still 294 +/- 45% of the base-line value compared with 217 +/- 35% during SAL. There was no difference in EMGdi between the groups at any time. However, the augmentation of Pdi was associated with a greater increase in end-expiratory gastric pressure in the NLX group. We conclude that the reduction in VT and Pdi associated with endogenous opioid elaboration is not mediated by a decrease in neural output to the diaphragm, but it appears to be the result of a decrease in respiratory output to the abdominal muscles.

A new method for dynamically estimating long-term seepage failure frequency for high concrete faced rockfill dams

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Deng ◽  
Kui Cao ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Yanfeng Wen ◽  
Yinqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Seepage Failure ◽  
Failure Frequency
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