Architectural and functional features of human triceps surae muscles during contraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kawakami ◽  
Yoshiho Ichinose ◽  
Tetsuo Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Passive Condition ◽  
Human Triceps Surae ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Ultrasonic Images ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

Architectural properties of the triceps surae muscles were determined in vivo for six men. The ankle was positioned at 15° dorsiflexion (−15°) and 0, 15, and 30° plantar flexion, with the knee set at 0, 45, and 90°. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius and soleus (Sol) muscles were obtained while the subject was relaxed (passive) and performed maximal isometric plantar flexion (active), from which fascicle lengths and angles with respect to the aponeuroses were determined. In the passive condition, fascicle lengths changed from 59, 65, and 43 mm (knee, 0°; ankle, −15°) to 32, 41, and 30 mm (knee, 90° ankle, 30°) for MG, LG, and Sol, respectively. Fascicle shortening by contraction was more pronounced at longer fascicle lengths. MG had greatest fascicle angles, ranging from 22 to 67°, and was in a very disadvantageous condition when the knee was flexed at 90°, irrespective of ankle positions. Different lengths and angles of fascicles, and their changes by contraction, might be related to differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses.

scholarly journals In Vivo Human Gastrocnemius Architecture With Changing Joint Angle at Rest and During Graded Isometric Contraction of Normal and Weak Muscle

2020 ◽  
pp. 010-014
Author(s):  
Koryak Yuri
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
Ultrasonic Images

Architectural properties of the triceps surae muscles complex were determined In Vivo for thirty subjects. These subjects were assigned to two groups. The first group of subjects consisted of 8 healthy men and the second group of subjects was composed of 22 patients with motor disorders. The ankle was positioned at -15 ° (dorsiflexion), and 0 ° (neutral anatomical position), and 15 °, and 30 ° (plantarflexion), with the knee set at 120 °and with an angle in the ankle joint of 90 °. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the Medial (MG) and Lateral (LG) Gastrocnemius and Soleus (SOL) muscles were obtained while the subject was relaxed (passive) and performed 50 % maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion (active), from which fascicle Lengths (L) and angles (Θ) with respect to the aponeuroses were determined. From the ultrasonic image, it was observed that and Θ changed during an isometric contraction of the triceps surae muscle. Changes in L and were expressed as a function of relative torque. The Θ change was not identical for the three muscles. The fascicle Θ of MG demonstrated the greatest variation in three muscles. The effects of activation and relaxation positions were significant in all three muscles. The differences in MG fascicle Θ because of changes in ankle positions were significant among control and patients both in the passive and active conditions. Fascicle Θ of LG and SOL not differed among control and patient in the relaxation condition but not in the activation condition. For LG, and SOL ol fascicle Θ were changes were larger in control with the patients. The mean values fascicle Θ of MG, LG, and SOL an isometric contraction (50 % MVC) in the control groups increased by 60 %, 41 %, and 41 %, respectively; in the patient groups were a smaller increase, by 28 %, 26 %, and 36 %, respectively. Different lengths and angles of fascicles, and their changes bу contraction by patients and normal subjects, might bе related to differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses.

Fatigue responses of human triceps surae muscles during repetitive maximal isometric contractions

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1969-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kawakami ◽  
Kenji Amemiya ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
Shigeki Ikegawa ◽  
Tetsuo Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Human Triceps Surae ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Plantar Flexor Muscles

Nine healthy men (22–45 yr) completed 100 repetitive maximal isometric contractions of the ankle plantar flexor muscles in two knee positions of full extension (K0) and flexion at 90° (K90), positions that varied the contribution of the gastrocnemii. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the medial and lateral gastrocnemii and soleus muscles by using surface electrodes. Plantar flexion torque in K0 was greater and decreased more rapidly than in K90. The electromyographic amplitude decreased over time, and there were no significant differences between muscles and knee joint positions. The level of voluntary effort, assessed by a supramaximal electrical stimulation during every 10th contraction, decreased from 96 to 70% ( P < 0.05) with no difference between K0 and K90. It was suggested that a decrease in plantar flexion torque was attributable to both central and peripheral fatigue and that greater fatigability in K0 than in K90 would result from a greater contribution and hence more pronounced fatigue of the gastrocnemius muscle. Further support for this possibility was provided from changes in twitch torque.

scholarly journals Strain distribution within human triceps surae muscles during isometric contraction: in vivo study by Tagging MRI

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Oda ◽  
Ryuta Kinugasa ◽  
Mayoran Rajendra ◽  
Ryutaro Himeno ◽  
Hiroyuki Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Human Triceps Surae ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Tagging Mri

scholarly journals MRI MEASUREMENT OF IN VIVO BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN TRICEPS SURAE DURING VOLUNTARY SUBMAXIMAL ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S384
Author(s):  
A M. Lai ◽  
J A. Hodgson ◽  
T Finni ◽  
V R. Edgerton ◽  
J C. Puffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Human Triceps Surae

Production of hydroxyl radicals in contracting skeletal muscle of cats

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. O'Neill ◽  
C. L. Stebbins ◽  
S. Bonigut ◽  
B. Halliwell ◽  
J. C. Longhurst
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Static Contraction ◽  
Maximal Tension ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Specific Species

Reactive oxygen species increase during exhaustive contraction of skeletal muscle, but characterization of the specific species involved and their rates of production during nonexhaustive muscle contraction have not been investigated. We hypothesized that the production rate of hydroxyl radical (.OH) increases in contracting muscle and that this rate is attenuated by pretreatment with deferoxamine (Def) or dimethylthiourea (DMTU). We measured the rate of production of .OH before, during, and after 5 min of intermittent static contraction of the triceps surae muscles in cats (n = 6) using the formation of p-, m-, and o-tyrosines by hydroxylation of phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine (30 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to each animal 3 min before contraction. Blood samples were collected from the popliteal vein 1 min before contraction; 1, 3, and 4.5 min during contraction; and 1 min after contraction. During and after contraction, the cumulative production rates of p-, m-, and o-tyrosines were elevated by 42.84 +/- 5.41, 0.25 +/- 0.04, and 0.21 +/- 0.03 nmol.min-1.g-1, respectively, compared with noncontracting triceps surae muscles. Pretreatment with Def (10 mg/kg i.v.; n = 5) or DMTU (10 mg/kg i.v.; n = 4) decreased the cumulative rates of production of p-, m-, and o-tyrosines during and after contraction. Additionally, the rate of tyrosine production increased in proportion to the percentage of maximal tension developed by the triceps surae muscles. These results directly demonstrate that .OH is produced in vivo in the skeletal muscle of cats during intermittent static contraction and that production can occur before the onset of fatigue.

Stiffness regulation provided by short-latency reflexes in human triceps surae muscles

1982 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Allum ◽  
K.-H. Mauritz ◽  
H. Vo¨gele
Keyword(s):  
Short Latency ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Human Triceps Surae ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles

scholarly journals Architectural and functional specifics of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo and its adaptation to microgravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Koryak
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Contraction Times ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
General Physical

Long-term exposure to microgravity (μG) is known to reduce the strength of a skeletal muscle contraction and the level of general physical performance in humans, while little is known about its effect on muscle architecture. Architectural and contractile properties of the triceps surae (TS) muscle were determined in vivo for male cosmonauts in response ( n = 8) to a spaceflight (213.0 ± 30.5 days). The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), tetanic tension ( Ро), and voluntary and electrically evoked contraction times and force deficiency (Pd) were determined. The ankle was positioned at 15° dorsiflexion (−15°) and 0, 15, and 30° plantar flexion, with the knee set at 90°. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius and soleus (SOL) muscles were obtained while the subject was relaxed. After a spaceflight, MVC and Pо decreased by 42 and 26%, respectively, and Pd increased by 50%. The rate of tension of a voluntary contraction substantially reduced but evoked contractions remained unchanged. In the passive condition, fiber length ( Lf) changed from 43, 57, and 35 mm (knee, 0°; ankle, −15°) to 34, 38, and 25 mm (knee, 0°; ankle, 30°) for MG, LG, and SOL, respectively, and Θf changed from 27, 21, and 23° (knee, 0°; ankle, −15°) to 43, 29, and 34° (knee, 0°; ankle, 30°) for MG, LG, and SOL, respectively. Different Lf and Θf, and their changes after spaceflight, might be related to differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present work was the first to combine measuring the fiber length and pennation angle (ultrasound imaging) as main determinants of mechanical force production and evaluating the muscle function after a long-duration spaceflight. The results demonstrate that muscles with different functional roles may differently respond to unloading, and this circumstance is important to consider when planning rehabilitation after unloading of any kind, paying particular attention to postural muscles.

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