Point: Flow-mediated dilation does reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function

10.1152/japplphysiol.00817.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1621-1621 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Clare E. Austin

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

Abstract 089: CD36 Genetic Variant Impacts Nitric Oxide Regulation of Endothelial Function: Response to Chronic Treatment with Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.089 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cyndya A Shibao ◽

Jorge E Celedonio ◽

Latisha Gregory-Love ◽

Claudia E Ramirez ◽

Amy C Arnold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Genetic Variant ◽

Sildenafil Citrate ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

The Mean ◽

Phosphodiesterase 5

CD36, a scavenger receptor expressed on endothelial cells, interacts with thrombospodin-1, a matrix protein that modulates nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase (NO-sGC) signaling. CD36 genetic variants associate with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and insulin resistance. A coding variant of CD36 (rs3211938, G/T genotype) that causes partial CD36 deficiency (50% reduction) is common (~18%) in African Americans (AA); however, it is unknown, if this genotype influences NO-dependent endothelial function. This study examined whether potentiating NO-sGC pathways with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil citrate, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in AA women with or without the G/T genotype. Forty-six AA women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) participated in a 4-week, parallel-arm, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Carefully matched subjects were randomly assigned to sildenafil citrate 20 mg TID versus placebo; sildenafil (n= 23, 42±10 years old, BMI 39±5 kg/m2, fasting insulin 15±8 uU/ml) and placebo (n=23, age 43±10, BMI 39±6 kg/m2, fasting insulin 14±10 uU/ml). Primary endpoints were insulin sensitivity and endothelial function measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test and flow mediated dilation, respectively. Treatment compliance was documented with plasma sildenafil levels (mean 57±50 ng/ml). There was no difference in insulin sensitivity (p=0.676) or flow-mediated dilation (p=0.649) between intervention groups. However, subgroup analyses showed a significant interaction between sildenafil citrate treatment and G/T genotype (p=0.018). Sildenafil citrate improved endothelial function in G/T carriers (the mean difference: 2.9, the 95% CI: -0.90 to 6.8, p = 0.126) and decreased endothelial function in T/T carriers (the mean difference: -2.6, the 95% CI: -5.1 to -0.1, p = 0.040). We conclude that the rs3211938 common CD36 genetic variant influences NO-dependent endothelial function in response to chronic treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition. Further studies are needed to determine if rs3211938 and other common CD36 genotypes influence endothelial function and the inter-individual variability in response to the drug.

Flow-mediated dilatation revisited

10.1152/japplphysiol.00880.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1623-1623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robinson Joannides ◽

Jeremy Bellien

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

FMD vs. pharmacological approaches for endothelial function

10.1152/japplphysiol.00387.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1627-1627

Author(s):

Hirofumi Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

Flow-mediated dilation analysis coupled with nitric oxide transport to enhance the assessment of endothelial function

10.1152/japplphysiol.00039.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tianxiang Ma ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

Quan Ren ◽

Zhexi Zhang ◽

Xiaoning Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Characteristic Parameter ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Fractional Flow ◽

Arterial Diameter ◽

Brachial Artery Diameter ◽

Significant Difference

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO), aims to assess the shear-induced endothelial function, which is widely quantified by the relative change in arterial diameter after dilation (FMD%). However, FMD% is affected by individual differences in blood pressure, blood flow and arterial diameter. To reduce these differences and enhance the assessment of FMD to endothelial function, we continuously measured not only the brachial artery diameter and blood flow with ultrasound but also blood pressure with non-invasive monitor during standard FMD test. We further constructed an analytical model of FMD coupled with NO transport, blood flow, and arterial deformation. Combining the time-averaged and peak values of arterial diameter, blood flow and pressure, and the modeling, we assumed the artery was completely healthy and calculated an ideally expected FMD% (eFMD%). Then, we expressed the fractional flow-mediated dilation (FFMD%) for the ratio of measured FMD% (mFMD%) to eFMD%. Furthermore, using the continuous waveforms of arterial diameter, blood flow and pressure, the endothelial characteristic parameter (ϵ) was calculated, which describes the function of the endothelium to produce NO and ranges from 1 to 0 representing the endothelial function from healthiness to complete loss. We found that the mFMD% and eFMD% between the young age (n=5, 21.2±1.8yr) and middle age group (n=5, 34.0±2.1yr) have no significant difference (P=0.222, P=0.385). In contrast, the FFMD% (P=0.008) and ϵ (P=0.007) both show significant differences. Therefore, the fractional flow-mediated dilation (FFMD%) and the endothelial characteristic parameter (ϵ) may have the potential for specifically diagnosing the endothelial function.

Blue light exposure decreases systolic blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and improves endothelial function in humans

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487318800072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (17) ◽

pp. 1875-1883 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Manuel Stern ◽

Melanie Broja ◽

Roberto Sansone ◽

Michael Gröne ◽

Simon S Skene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Blue Light ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Nitroso Compounds ◽

Whole Body ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Forearm Vascular Resistance

Aims Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet light can lead to the release of nitric oxide from the skin and decrease blood pressure. In contrast to visible light the local application of ultraviolet light bears a cancerogenic risk. Here, we investigated whether whole body exposure to visible blue light can also decrease blood pressure and increase endothelial function in healthy subjects. Methods In a randomised crossover study, 14 healthy male subjects were exposed on 2 days to monochromatic blue light or blue light with a filter foil (control light) over 30 minutes. We measured blood pressure (primary endpoint), heart rate, forearm vascular resistance, forearm blood flow, endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), pulse wave velocity and plasma nitric oxide species, nitrite and nitroso compounds (secondary endpoints) during and up to 2 hours after exposure. Results Blue light exposure significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate as compared to control. In parallel, blue light significantly increased forearm blood flow, flow-mediated dilation, circulating nitric oxide species and nitroso compounds while it decreased forearm vascular resistance and pulse wave velocity. Conclusion Whole body irradiation with visible blue light at real world doses improves blood pressure, endothelial function and arterial stiffness by nitric oxide released from photolabile intracutanous nitric oxide metabolites into circulating blood.

Flow-mediated vasodilation partially reflects nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function

10.1152/japplphysiol.00805.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1622-1622

Author(s):

Axel Linke ◽

Sandra Erbs ◽

Rainer Hambrecht

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

In FMD, NO is actually “the middle man”

10.1152/japplphysiol.00875.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1624-1624

Author(s):

D. Walter Wray ◽

Russell S. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Middle Man ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

Flow-mediated dilation

10.1152/japplphysiol.00864.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1620-1620 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beth A. Parker ◽

David N. Proctor

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

This letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint series “Flow-mediated dilation does/does not reflect nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function” that appeared in the September issue (vol. 99: 1233–1238, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2005; http://jap.physiology.org/content/vol99/issue3/2005 ).

The Assessment of short-term effect of L-Citrulline on endothelial function via FMD to NMD ratio in known CAD patients: A randomized, cross-over clinical trial (Clinical trial number: NCT02638727)

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2016-0045 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Morteza Safi ◽

Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob ◽

Saeed Nateghi ◽

Isa Khaheshi ◽

Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Term Effect ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Placebo Administration ◽

Short Term ◽

The Mean ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Background. Recent studies have confirmed the essential and paramount role of the L-Citrulline on the nitric oxide regulation and the endothelial function improvement. Materials and Methods. In this cross-over clinical trial, thirty patients, diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and flow mediated dilation to nitroglycerin dependent vasodilation (FMD/NMD) ratio less than 1, were included. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients and underwent treatment by L-Citrulline or placebo for 15 days, in 2 step protocol. The indicators of assessment in the current study were the ratio of the FMD/NMD and FMD value. Results. In the current cross-over clinical trial, the mean of FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value of all patients before starting the protocol were 0.91 ± 0.08 and 4.04 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The final results of study showed that following L-Citrulline administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were enhanced to: 1.03 ± 0.09 and 4.96 ± 0.72 mm, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, following placebo administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were receded to: 0.92 ± 0.09 and 4.06 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.75 and P = 0.89, respectively). Moreover, the improvement of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.12 ± 0.02) and mean FMD value (0.92 ± 0.16 mm), following L-Citrulline administration, were statistically significant in comparison with the change of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.01 ± 0.002) and mean FMD value (0.02 ± 0.003), following placebo administration (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. L-Citrulline treatment can lead to improvement of the endothelial function in patients diagnosed with CAD which are assessed via FMD to NMD ratio FMD value enhancements.