Altered corticomotor latencies but normal motor neuroplasticity in concussed athletes

William Stokes; Keith Runnalls; Jake Choynowki; Maria St. Pierre; Manuel Anaya; Matthew A. Statton; Pablo A. Celnik; Gabriela Cantarero

doi:10.1152/jn.00774.2019

Altered corticomotor latencies but normal motor neuroplasticity in concussed athletes

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00774.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 1600-1605 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Stokes ◽

Keith Runnalls ◽

Jake Choynowki ◽

Maria St. Pierre ◽

Manuel Anaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Common Group ◽

Repeated Injury

We are the first to assess corticomotor latencies and motor neuroplasticity in a common group of collegiate athletes across different phases of injury and recovery. We found that the number of concussions an individual sustains negatively impacts corticomotor latencies with a higher number of prior concussions correlating positively with longer latencies. Our findings indicate that concussions may lead to permanent changes in the corticospinal tract that are exacerbated by repeated injury.

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X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100056065 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 754-757

Author(s):

R. Beeuwkes ◽

A. Saubermann ◽

P. Echlin ◽

S. Churchill

Keyword(s):

Ratio Method ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Sample Handling ◽

X Ray ◽

Common Group ◽

Ideal Method ◽

Classic Paper ◽

Physical Principles ◽

The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

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