scholarly journals Modeling the Effects of Land-Cover Change on Rainfall-Runoff Relationships in a Semiarid, Eastern Mediterranean Watershed

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Ohana-Levi ◽  
Arnon Karnieli ◽  
Roey Egozi ◽  
Amir Givati ◽  
Aviva Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Runoff Volume

Temporal changes and spatial patterns are often studied by analyzing land-cover changes (LCCs) using spaceborne images. LCC is an important factor, affecting runoff within watersheds. The objective was to estimate the effects of 20 years of LCCs on rainfall-runoff relations in an extreme rainfall event. A 1989 Landsat TM-derived classification map was used as input for a Kinematic Runoff and Erosion (KINEROS) hydrological model along with the precipitation data of an extreme rainfall event. Model calibration was performed using measured runoff volume data. Validation of the model performance was conducted by comparing the model results to measured data. A similar procedure was used with a 2009 land-cover classification map as an input to the KINEROS model, along with similar precipitation data and calibration parameters, in order to understand the possible outcomes of a rainfall event of such a magnitude and duration after 20 years of LCCs. The results show an increase in runoff volume and peak discharge between the time periods as a result of LCCs. A strong relationship was detected between vegetation cover and the runoff volume. The LCCs with most pronounced effects on runoff volumes were related to urbanization and vegetation removal.

scholarly journals Extreme rainfall impacts on soil CO2 efflux in an urban forest ecosystem in Beijing, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
Chunyi Li ◽  
Haiqun Yu ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Beijing China

Extreme rainfall events are infrequent disturbances that affect urban environments and soil respiration (Rs). Using data measured in an urban forest ecosystem in Beijing, China, we examined the link between gross primary production (GPP) and soil respiration on a diurnal scale during an extreme rainfall event (i.e., the “21 July 2012 event”), and we examined diel and seasonal environmental controls on Rs. Over the seasonal cycle, Rs increased exponentially with soil temperature (Ts). In addition, Rs was hyperbolically related to soil volumetric water content (VWC), increasing with VWC below a threshold of 0.17 m3 m−3, and then decreasing with further increases in VWC. Following the extreme rainfall event (177 mm), Rs showed an abrupt decrease and then maintained a low value of ∼0.3 μmol m−2 s−1 for about 8 h as soil VWC reached the field capacity (0.34 m3 m−3). Rs became decoupled from Ts and increased very slowly, while GPP showed a greater increase. A bivariate Q10-hyperbolical model, which incorporates both Ts and VWC effects, better fits Rs than the Q10 model in summer but not for whole year.

Simulation of an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai using a regional climate model: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Pant ◽  
Soumik Ghosh ◽  
Shruti Verma ◽  
Palash Sinha ◽  
R. K. Mall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event
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