scholarly journals Inferior Vena Cava Duplication: Incidental Case in a Young Woman

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Coco ◽  
Sara Cecchini ◽  
Silvana Leanza ◽  
Massimo Viola ◽  
Stefano Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Azygos Continuation ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Double Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
The Right

A case of a double inferior vena cava (IVC) with retroaortic left renal vein, azygos continuation of the IVC, and presence of the hepatic portion of the IVC drained into the right renal vein is reported and the embryologic, clinical, and radiological significance is discussed. The diagnosis is suggested by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which reveals the aberrant vascular structures. Awareness of different congenital anomalies of IVC is necessary for radiologists to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and they should be remembered because they can influence several surgical interventions and endovascular procedures.

Double Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) With Intrahepatic Interruption, Hemiazygos Vein Continuation, and Intrahepatic Venous Shunt

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Sahin ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Ramazan Aslaner
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Venous Shunt ◽  
Double Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
The Right

The duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital anomaly, which also has some variations regarding the complex embryological development of the IVC. In the typical form, infrarenal IVC segments are duplicated and the left IVC joins the left renal vein, which crosses anterior to the aorta in the normal fashion to join the right IVC. In variant forms, the interruption of the intrahepatic segment of the IVC, azygos or hemiazygos continuation, or retroaortic course of the renal vein may be seen. An intrahepatic venous shunt accompanying a double IVC variant is an extremely rare anomaly. We report a case of 40-year-old female patient with double IVC, hemiazygos continuation, intrahepatic IVC interruption, and a transhepatic venous shunt.

scholarly journals Inverted Nutcracker Syndrome: A Case of Persistent Hematuria and Pain in the Presence of a Left-Sided Inferior Vena Cava

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obi Ekwenna ◽  
Michael A. Gorin ◽  
Miguel Castellan ◽  
Victor Casillas ◽  
Gaetano Ciancio
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Nutcracker Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Nutcracker syndrome is described as the symptomatic compression of left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in outflow congestion of the left kidney. We present the case of a 51-year-old male with a left-sided inferior vena cava, resulting in compression of the right renal vein by the superior mesenteric artery. Secondary to this anatomic anomaly, the patient experienced a many-year history of flank pain and intermittent gross hematuria. We have termed this unusual anatomic finding and its associated symptoms as the “inverted nutcracker syndrome”, and describe its successful management with nephrectomy and autotransplantation.

scholarly journals Double Inferior Vena Cava Associated with Double Suprarenal and Testicular Venous Anomalies: A Rare Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Kimaporn Khamanarong ◽  
Jarupon Mahiphot ◽  
Sitthichai Iamsaard
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Double Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
The Right

Introduction The variant courses of blood vessels are very important in considerations for retroperitoneal surgeries or interventional radiology. The present study attempted to describe a very rare case of double inferior vena cava (IVC) associated with double left suprarenal veins (LSRVs) and double right testicular veins (RTVs) in a Thai male embalmed cadaver. Material and Methods A 70-year-old Thai male cadaver was systemically dissected and observed for the vascular distributions during gross anatomy teaching for medical students at the anatomy department of the faculty of medicine of the Khon Kaen University. Results We found that the double IVCs were connected with the transverse interiliac vein. While the upper LSRV is a tributary of the IVC, the lower LSRV is a tributary of the left renal vein. The RTV bifurcates at about the height of the iliac cristae to form the medial and lateral RTVs, which drain into the right IVC at different heights. Conclusion All these duplications and associated anomalies are assumed to occur during the embryological development. These anomalies are rare, but the knowledge about the possibilities of these anomalies is of great importance during retroperitoneal surgeries, and during interventional radiology.

scholarly journals A cadaveric study of anatomical variations of testicular veins

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Anly Antony ◽  
J. Sujitha Jacinth
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Text Book ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Infertility is considered a major public health issue. A multicentric WHO study showed increased frequency of varicocele in infertile couples to vary geographically from 6% to 47%. Some theorize, varicocele results due to anatomical differences between the right and left testicular veins. This disparity is believed, leads to increase in hydrostatic pressure of the left testicular vein, which is subsequently transferred to the venous plexus, causing dilation. Hence knowledge of testicular venous pattern and its variations takes paramount importance. Aims: To study anatomy of testicular veins with focus on: a] normal and occurrence of varying number and patterns of testicular veins b] to find explanations for incidence of some anomalies c] to consider surgical significance of such variations and d] to compare the results of the present study with previous studies. Materials and methods: The study material comprised of 25 embalmed, adult human male cadavers of south Indian origin. Systematic dissection was carried out following the guidelines of Cunninghairr s Manual of Practical Anatomy. Results: On five sides, four testicular veins were found at the deep inguinal ring. On the left side, all testicular veins terminated in the left renal vein with some showing duplication. Variations in the terminations of testicular veins were seen in three of the right sides, which included termination in the right renal vein, junction of the inferior vena cava with the right renal vein and in one case following duplication, veins terminated on the anterior and lateral wall of the inferior vena cava. Conclusion: Termination of testicular veins followed standard text book pattern on the left side, however a slight increase in the duplication of veins was observed on this side. On the right side, testicular veins showed variations in the site of termination and also duplication. Knowledge of these findings can be of importance in clinical practice related to the problems of the testis.

Double Inferior Vena Cava With Double Left Renal Vein

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Lucía González González ◽  
Félix Cambra Molero ◽  
Néstor Taboada Mostajo ◽  
Luis Carlos Jiménez Romero
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Double Inferior Vena Cava

Unusual Drainage of the Bifurcated Left Renal Vein Into a Dilated Lumbar Azygos Vein and Inferior Vena Cava

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Ewa J. Bialek ◽  
Bogdan Malkowski
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

We report a unique case of unusual drainage of the bifurcated retroaortic left renal vein, with the cranial wider branch draining into a dilated lumbar azygos vein and caudal thinner branch connecting with the inferior vena cava. The right renal vein was duplicated. The anomaly was discovered on multimodal 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed for oncological purposes. The basis enabling occurrence of such variation was probably persistent developmental extra left–right venous connections, intercardinal, or intersupracardinal, depending on the theory. The embryology of the chest and abdominal veins is a complicated process and there is no unanimity concerning its concepts. The old models are currently being questioned and reevaluated. Knowledge of possible variants of renal and azygos veins course is important from clinical, imaging, and surgical points of view. The retroaortic left renal veins course may sometimes cause pain, hematuria, proteinuria, and pelvic congestion syndromes. Dilated parts of uncommonly located veins, because of assuming a nodular shape on transverse images, may be mistaken for abnormal lymph nodes, other tumors or aneurysms on imaging. During a variety of surgical procedures, including venous sampling, renal transplantation, or any retroperitoneal surgery, knowledge of an aberrant venous course may be important for the success of the procedure and may be crucial even earlier during the qualification process.

scholarly journals Embryological and surgical considerations of absent infra-renal part of inferior venacava and left renal vein

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Indira CK ◽  
Arunkumar KG
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Long Course ◽  
The Right

Background: Development of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a complex process that involves the anastomoses between three pairs of embryonic veins. Specific permutations exist in the venous plane of the abdomen and pelvis resulting in variations such as single left IVC, double IVC, and left renal retroaortic vein. Anomalies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins occur infrequently but may contribute to serious morbidity throughout surgical exploration if unidentified. Most anomalies remain asymptomatic until surgical intervention or clinical presentation with thromboembolic complications. Aims and Objective: Our research is aimed to link embryology with developmental disorder and the complications associated with the anomalous vessels in the field of surgery. Materials and Methods: Ten IUD fetuses (ranging from 20 weeks to term fetuses) were collected from the O&G department of the college and injected locally with dilute formalin and placed in containers filled with formalin. Dissection of the fetuses was done to identify congenital anomalies. Results: The external appearance of the 28-week-old fetus showed no gross anomaly. Examination abdominal cavity showed absent infrarenal segment of IVC and left renal vein. The right renal vein was seen running a long course to the left side with tributaries of lumbar veins and was seen continuing as the left femoral vein medial to the femoral artery. Segments of suprarenal and renal IVC were present. Conclusion: Correlating anomalies and variations of IVC and its tributaries to embryology. However, understanding of such anomaly is necessary to avoid significant diagnostic pitfalls and in preoperative surgicaland radiological intervention planning.

scholarly journals Double inferior vena cava with multiple interconnections – a rare case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Ritwik Baidya ◽  
Prakash Baral
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Vascular Surgeon ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Double Inferior Vena Cava

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been estimated to occur in 0.2% to 3% of the population. Although rare, the presence of double inferior vena cava is important to recognize as it has important implications. Diagnostic confusion in interpreting imaging results can arise when a venous anomaly is mistaken for a pathologic process like lymphadenopathy. If such patient were to need an IVC filter placement, separate filters would be required, one for the right and one for the left IVCs. A vascular surgeon would need to be aware of these anomalies to perform safe surgery of the retroperitoneal organs. We present a case of duplicated IVC, which was observed during routine dissection of a 58-year-old male cadaver. Left IVC was communicating with left renal vein superiorly. The left renal vein was running obliquely behind the abdominal aorta. Also, the left IVC was connected to right IVC by one transverse anastomosing vessel. The two-retroaortic communication between right and left IVC make this case report unique.

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