scholarly journals Following Spinal Cord Injury Transected Reticulospinal Tract Axons Develop New Collateral Inputs to Spinal Interneurons in Parallel with Locomotor Recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacnicte May ◽  
Keith K. Fenrich ◽  
Julia Dahlby ◽  
Nicholas J. Batty ◽  
Abel Torres-Espín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Reticulospinal Tract ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Ability

The reticulospinal tract (RtST) descends from the reticular formation and terminates in the spinal cord. The RtST drives the initiation of locomotion and postural control. RtST axons form new contacts with propriospinal interneurons (PrINs) after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI); however, it is unclear if injured or uninjured axons make these connections. We completely transected all traced RtST axons in rats using a staggered model, where a hemisection SCI at vertebra T10 is followed by a contralateral hemisection at vertebra T7. In one group of the animals, the T7 SCI was performed 2 weeks after the T10 SCI (delayed; dSTAG), and in another group, the T10 and T7 SCIs were concomitant (cSTAG). dSTAG animals had significantly more RtST-PrIN contacts in the grey matter compared to cSTAG animals (p<0.05). These results were accompanied by enhanced locomotor recovery with dSTAG animals significantly outperforming cSTAG animals (BBB test;p<0.05). This difference suggests that activity in neuronal networks below the first SCI may contribute to enhanced recovery, because dSTAG rats recovered locomotor ability before the second hemisection. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that the injured RtST forms new connections and is a key player in the recovery of locomotion post-SCI.

scholarly journals Descending motor circuitry required for NT-3 mediated locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Han ◽  
Josue D. Ordaz ◽  
Nai-Kui Liu ◽  
Zoe Richardson ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Dendritic Atrophy ◽  
Descending Projections

AbstractLocomotor function, mediated by lumbar neural circuitry, is modulated by descending spinal pathways. Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts descending projections and denervates lumbar motor neurons (MNs). We previously reported that retrogradely transported neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to lumbar MNs attenuated SCI-induced lumbar MN dendritic atrophy and enabled functional recovery after a rostral thoracic contusion. Here we functionally dissected the role of descending neural pathways in response to NT-3-mediated recovery after a T9 contusive SCI in mice. We find that residual projections to lumbar MNs are required to produce leg movements after SCI. Next, we show that the spared descending propriospinal pathway, rather than other pathways (including the corticospinal, rubrospinal, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways), accounts for NT-3-enhanced recovery. Lastly, we show that NT-3 induced propriospino-MN circuit reorganization after the T9 contusion via promotion of dendritic regrowth rather than prevention of dendritic atrophy.

scholarly journals Resistance training and locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series

Spinal Cord ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Gregory ◽  
M G Bowden ◽  
A Jayaraman ◽  
P Shah ◽  
A Behrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals The Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Plays a Significant Role in Locomotor Recovery after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (43) ◽  
pp. 8292-8305
Author(s):  
Anne K. Engmann ◽  
Flavio Bizzozzero ◽  
Marc P. Schneider ◽  
Dario Pfyffer ◽  
Stefan Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus

Re-expression of Locomotor Function After Partial Spinal Cord Injury

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rossignol ◽  
G. Barrière ◽  
O. Alluin ◽  
A. Frigon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Section ◽  
Rats And Mice

After a complete spinal section, quadruped mammals (cats, rats, and mice) can generally regain hindlimb locomotion on a treadmill because the spinal cord below the lesion can express locomotion through a neural circuitry termed the central pattern generator (CPG). In this review, we propose that the spinal CPG also plays a crucial role in the locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury.

Using a saddle-assistive device equipped with mechanical orthosis for walking of the person with incomplete spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110201
Author(s):  
Akbar Hojjati Najafabadi ◽  
Saeid Amini ◽  
Farzam Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cord Injury

The majority of the people with incomplete spinal cord injury lose their walking ability, due to the weakness of their muscle motors in providing torque. As a result, developing assistive devices to improve their conditionis of great importance. In this study, a combined application of the saddle-assistive device (S-AD) and mechanical medial linkage or thosis was evaluated to improve the walking ability in patients with spinal cord injury in the gait laboratory. This mobile assistive device is called the saddle-assistive device equipped with medial linkage or thosis (S-ADEM). In this device, a mechanical orthosis was used in a wheeled walker as previously done in the literature. Initially, for evaluation of the proposed assistive device, the experimental results related to the forces and torques exerted on the feet and upper limbs of a person with the incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) during walking usingthe standard walker were compared with an those obtained from using the S-ADEM on an able-bodied subject. It was found that using this combination of assistive devices decreases the vertical force and torque on the foot at the time of walking by 53% and 48%, respectively compared to a standard walker. Moreover, the hand-reaction force on the upper limb was negligible instanding and walking positions usingthe introduced device. The findings of this study revealed that the walking ability of the patients with incomplete SCI was improved using the proposed device, which is due to the bodyweight support and the motion technology used in it.

Augmented Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in the Athymic Nude Rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Potas ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Charbel Moussa ◽  
Melinda Venn ◽  
Catherine A. Gorrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Nude Rat ◽  
Cord Injury
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