The Structure-Oriented Approach in Ethology: Network Models and Sex-Ratio Adjustments in Parasitic Wasps

Behaviour ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 148-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Putters ◽  
Marijke Vonk

AbstractIt is argued that connectionist models (neural nets, parallel distributed processing systems) have a great potential for changing our perspectives on animal behaviour. The approach is more structure-oriented than the conventional explanation by analogy. The method is used to analyze the principles of organization underlying oviposition decisions of parasitic wasps.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren W. Tryon

Mediators are widely thought to be mechanisms. Mediation is to mechanism what correlation is to causation. Statistical evidence of mediation is necessary but not sufficient evidence of mechanism just as statistical evidence of correlation is necessary but not sufficient evidence of cause. Mechanisms also require evidence of causation and an explanation regarding how and why mediation works in terms of a series of causal steps in order to have explanatory value. Otgaar, Muris Howe, and Merckelbach made a case for an associative activation psychological mechanism. This article further advances the case for an associative activation mechanism by showing that it is an important parallel distributed processing mechanism in the connectionist neural network models introduced by Rumelhart and McClelland.


Author(s):  
Mark S. Seidenberg

Connectionist computational models have been extensively used in the study of reading: how children learn to read, skilled reading, and reading impairments (dyslexia). The models are computer programs that simulate detailed aspects of behaviour. This article provides an overview of connectionist models of reading, with an emphasis on the “triangle” framework. The term “connectionism” refers to a broad, varied set of ideas, loosely connected by an emphasis on the notion that complexity, at different grain sizes or scales ranging from neurons to overt behaviour, emerges from the aggregate behaviour of large networks of simple processing units. This article focuses on the parallel distributed processing variety developed by Rumelhart, McClelland, and Hinton (1986). First, it describes basic elements of connectionist models of reading: task orientation, distributed representations, learning, hidden units, and experience. The article then looks at how models are used to establish causal effects, along with quasiregularity and division of labor.


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