Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of o- and p-nitrohalobeszenes with the sodium salt of ethyl cyanoacetate carbanion: a non-chain radical nucleophilic substitution mechanism

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. -M. Zhang ◽  
D. -L. Yang ◽  
Y. -C. Liu ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
J. -L. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacetate ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
Substitution Mechanism

scholarly journals Synthesis, kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in octahedral (cat)2Sn(py)2

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Siddiqi ◽  
Shahab Nami
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ◽  
Nucleophilic Reagents

Dicatecholatodipyridinetin(IV) in nitrobenzene showed an increase in molar conductance with time, suggesting solvation of the complex. In the presence of nucleophilic reagents, such as SOCl2, C6H5COCl and CH3COCl, the conductance increased sharply owing to the substitution of pyridine by chloride ions. The data for the rate constant of solvation (k s) and for nucleophilic substitution (k 1 and k 2) have been calculated and it was found that the solvation is a slower process compared to the substitution by chloride ions, i.e., k1, k 2 > k s. The nucleophilic substitution reaction follows the SN1 mechanism.

scholarly journals Assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride in dosage forms using nucleophilic substitution reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuttagunta Sastry ◽  
Karipeddi Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ◽  
Acid Sodium Salt ◽  
Lercanidipine Hydrochloride ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride in dosage forms using nucleophilic substitution reactionA simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride (LER) in bulk and in formulations. The method is based on the formation of coloured species between the drug and 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt (NQS) by means of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Absorbance was measured at λmax= 460 nm. The method was analyzed statistically. The system obeyed the Beer's law in the range 20-100 μg mL-1. Molar absorptivity value was found to be 4.79 × 103L mol-1cm-1. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be as low as 0.04 and 0.13 μg mL-1. Precision (RSD, 0.4 %) and accuracy (recovery 99.2 ± 0.6 to 101.1 ± 0.8 %) of the developed method were evaluated.

Radical and ionic nucleophilic substitution reactions on α-Alkyl-γ-(p-nitrophenyl)allyl derivatives

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Barker ◽  
RK Norris
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Allylic Rearrangement ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions ◽  
Excellent Yield ◽  
Substitution Process

The nature of the reaction between α-alkyl-γ-(p-nitrophenyl)allyl chlorides (1)-(3), which have the general form p-O2NC6H4CH=CHCH(Cl)R, and a variety of nucleophiles depends on the alkyl group R and the nucleophile. The chloride (1) (R = Me) undergoes ionic (SN2 and subsequent Michael addition) processes with the salt (7) of 2-nitropropane to give products (15) and (16) whereas the chloride (2) (R = Pr1) gives a mixture of products (17) and (18) which are shown to arise by a radical-chain nucleophilic substitution process, with allylic rearrangement-an SRNl' reaction-and ionic processes respectively. The chloride (3) (R = But) gives the SRN1' product (25) with the salt (7). Other nucleophiles with (2) and (3) appear to react by ionic (SN2 and SN2') and/or SRNl' processes; e.g. (3) gives an excellent yield of the malononitrile (32) by an SN2' process when treated with the sodium salt (9).

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