Differential effects of suppressed visual motion information on perception and action during binocular rivalry flash suppression

1. Ibotenic acid lesions in the monkey's middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) have previously been shown to produce a deficit in initiation of smooth-pursuit eye movements to moving visual targets. The deficits, however, recovery within a few days. In the present experiments we investigated the factors that influence that recovery. 2. We tested two aspects of the monkey's ability to use motion information to acquire moving targets. We used eye-position error as a measure of the monkey's ability to make accurate initial saccades to the moving target. We measured eye speed within the first 100 ms after the saccade to evaluate the monkey's initial smooth pursuit. 3. We determined that pursuit recovery was not dependent specifically on the use of neurotoxic lesions. Although the rate of recovery was slightly altered by replacing the usual neurotoxin (ibotenic acid) with another neurotoxin [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] or with an electrolytic lesion, pursuit recovery still occurred within a period of days to weeks. 4. There was a relationship between the size and location of the lesion and the recovery time. The time to recovery for eye-position error and initial eye speed increased with the fraction of MT removed. Whether the rate of recovery and size of lesions within regions on the anterior bank were related was unresolved. 5. We found that a large AMPA lesion within the STS that removed all of MT and nearly all of MST drastically altered the rate of recovery. Recovery was incomplete more than 7 mo after the lesion. Even with this lesion, however, the monkey's ability to use motion information for pursuit was not completely eliminated. 6. The large lesion also included parts of areas V1, V2, V3, and V4, but analysis of the visual fields associated with this lesion indicated that these areas probably did not have a substantial effect on recovery. 7. We tested whether visual motion experience of the monkey after a lesion was necessary for recovery by limiting the monkey's experience either by using a mask or by using 4-Hz stroboscopic illumination. In one monkey the eye-position error component of pursuit was prolonged to greater than 2 wk, but recovery of eye speed was not. Reduced motion experience had little effect on recovery in the other two monkeys. These results suggest that such visual motion experience is not necessary for the recovery of pursuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Preservation and Reproduction of Human Motion Based on a Motion-Copying System

Technological Advancements in Biomedicine for Healthcare Applications - Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2196-1.ch037 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 375-384

Author(s):

Seiichiro Katsura

Keyword(s):

Skill Acquisition ◽

Perception And Action ◽

Human Motion ◽

Motion Information ◽

Slave System ◽

Spatial Coupling ◽

Novel Method ◽

Haptic Technology ◽

Human Motions ◽

Human Support

In this chapter, a novel method for preserving and reproducing human motion based on haptic technology is described. Haptic technology makes it possible to preserve and reproduce human motion using a paired master and slave system. Because it is possible to preserve motion information based on position trajectory and force input, future human support technology that will facilitate skill acquisition, physical rehabilitation will be developed and will facilitate personal adaptation, tele-communication, et cetera. Once human motions are preserved, it will be possible to process them for various applications. For example, being able to reproduce the speed and trajectory of motion will allow for adjustments that fit the desired function. As a result, the temporal and spatial coupling of perception and action can be attained. This type of physical extension technology based on haptics will be important for the future of human support in society.

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Influence of Visual Motion on Object Localisation in Perception and Action

Object Recognition, Attention, and Action ◽

10.1007/978-4-431-73019-4_14 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 207-218

Author(s):

Hiroshi Ashida

Keyword(s):

Visual Motion ◽

Perception And Action

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Tactile motion biases visual motion perception in binocular rivalry

Attention Perception & Psychophysics ◽

10.3758/s13414-019-01692-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 1715-1724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marlene Hense ◽

Stephanie Badde ◽

Brigitte Röder

Keyword(s):

Motion Perception ◽

Binocular Rivalry ◽

Visual Motion ◽

Visual Motion Perception

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Linking Neuronal Direction Selectivity to Perceptual Decisions About Visual Motion

Annual Review of Vision Science ◽

10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 335-362

Author(s):

Tatiana Pasternak ◽

Duje Tadin

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Visual Motion ◽

Neuronal Response ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Direction Selectivity ◽

Motion Information ◽

Motion Direction ◽

Neurophysiological Studies ◽

Selective Activity

Psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of responses to visual motion have converged on a consistent set of general principles that characterize visual processing of motion information. Both types of approaches have shown that the direction and speed of target motion are among the most important encoded stimulus properties, revealing many parallels between psychophysical and physiological responses to motion. Motivated by these parallels, this review focuses largely on more direct links between the key feature of the neuronal response to motion, direction selectivity, and its utilization in memory-guided perceptual decisions. These links were established during neuronal recordings in monkeys performing direction discriminations, but also by examining perceptual effects of widespread elimination of cortical direction selectivity produced by motion deprivation during development. Other approaches, such as microstimulation and lesions, have documented the importance of direction-selective activity in the areas that are active during memory-guided direction comparisons, area MT and the prefrontal cortex, revealing their likely interactions during behavioral tasks.

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Horizontal Smooth Pursuit Adaptation in Macaques After Muscimol Inactivation of the Dorsolateral Pontine Nucleus (DLPN)

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00115.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 2918-2932 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Seiji Ono ◽

Michael J. Mustari

Keyword(s):

Smooth Pursuit ◽

Visual Motion ◽

T Test ◽

Motion Information ◽

Unit Recording ◽

Pontine Nucleus ◽

Dorsolateral Pontine Nucleus ◽

Step Down ◽

Ventral Paraflocculus

The smooth pursuit (SP) system can adapt its response to developmental changes, injury, and behavioral context. Previous lesion and single-unit recording studies show that the macaque cerebellum plays a role in SP initiation, maintenance, and adaptation. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of the DLPN in SP adaptation. The DLPN receives inputs from the cortical SP system and delivers eye and visual motion information to the dorsal/ventral paraflocculus and vermis of the cerebellum. We studied SP adaptation in two juvenile rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta), using double steps of target speed that step- up (10–30°/s) or step-down (25–5°/s). We used microinjection of muscimol (≤2%; 0.15 μl) to reversibly inactivate the DLPN, unilaterally. After DLPN inactivation, initial ipsilesional SP acceleration (first 100 ms) was significantly reduced by 47–74% ( P < 0.01; unpaired t-test) of control values in the single-speed step-ramp paradigm. Similarly, ipsilesional steady-state SP velocity was also reduced by 59–78% ( P < 0.01; unpaired t-test) of control values. Contralesional SP was not impaired after DLPN inactivation. Control testing showed significant adaptive changes of initial SP eye acceleration after 100 trials in either step-up or step-down paradigms. After inactivation, during ipsilesional SP, adaptation was impaired in the step-up but not in the step-down paradigm. In contrast, during contralesional tracking, adaptive capability remained in the step-down but not in the step-up paradigm. Therefore SP adaptation could depend, in part, on direction sensitive eye/visual motion information provided by DLPN neurons to cerebellum.

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