Anterior cingulate gyrus volume and glucose metabolism in autistic disorder

Abstract Study objectives Emotional reactivity to negative stimuli has been investigated in insomnia, but little is known about emotional reactivity to positive stimuli and its neural representation. Methods We used 3T fMRI to determine neural reactivity during the presentation of standardized short, 10-40-s, humorous films in insomnia patients (n=20, 18 females, aged 27.7 +/- 8.6 years) and age-matched individuals without insomnia (n=20, 19 females, aged 26.7 +/- 7.0 years), and assessed humour ratings through a visual analogue scale (VAS). Seed-based functional connectivity was analysed for left and right amygdala networks: group-level mixed-effects analysis (FLAME; FSL) was used to compare amygdala connectivity maps between groups. Results fMRI seed-based analysis of the amygdala revealed stronger neural reactivity in insomnia patients than in controls in several brain network clusters within the reward brain network, without humour rating differences between groups (p = 0.6). For left amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=3.88), left putamen (Z=3.79) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.11), while for right amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=4.05), right insula (Z=3.83) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.29). Cluster maxima of the right amygdala network were correlated with hyperarousal scores in insomnia patients only. Conclusions Presentation of humorous films leads to increased brain activity in the neural reward network for insomnia patients compared to controls, related to hyperarousal features in insomnia patients, in the absence of humor rating group differences. These novel findings may benefit insomnia treatment interventions.

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Altered Functional Connectivity Patterns of Parietal Subregions Contribute to Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210315 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Qiang Wei ◽

Shanshan Cao ◽

Yang Ji ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Chen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Small Vessel Disease ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity

Background: The white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered as one of the core neuroimaging findings of cerebral small vessel disease and independently associated with cognitive deficit. The parietal lobe is a heterogeneous area containing many subregions and play an important role in the processes of neurocognition. Objective: To explore the relationship between parietal subregions alterations and cognitive impairments in WHMs. Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses of parietal subregions were performed in 104 right-handed WMHs patients divided into mild (n = 39), moderate (n = 37), and severe WMHs (n = 28) groups according to the Fazekas scale and 36 healthy controls. Parietal subregions were defined using tractographic Human Brainnetome Atlas and included five subregions for superior parietal lobe, six subregions for inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and three subregions for precuneus. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate emotional and general cognitive functions. Results: Differences existed between the rs-FC strength of IPL_R_6_2 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus, IPL_R_6_3 with the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and the IPL_R_6_5 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus. The connectivity strength between IPL_R_6_3 and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with AVLT-immediate and AVLT-recognition test in WMHs. Conclusion: We explored the roles of parietal subregions in WMHs using rs-FC. The functional connectivity of parietal subregions with the cortex regions showed significant differences between the patients with WMHs and healthy controls which may be associated with cognitive deficits in WMHs.

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CHANGES IN ANTERIOR CINGULATE GYRUS MORPHOLOGY ARE CORRELATED WITH TYPICAL NEUROLEPTIC USE IN SUBJECTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1097/00042871-200311000-00022 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

A Kopelman ◽

P Nopoulos ◽

N C Andreasen

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

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The Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Personality

The Biological Aspects of Normal Personality ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-6214-2_19 ◽

1979 ◽

pp. 241-248

Author(s):

Arthur A. Ward

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

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The Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Social Cognition: Tracking the Motivation of Others

Neuron ◽

10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 692-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Matthew A.J. Apps ◽

Matthew F.S. Rushworth ◽

Steve W.C. Chang

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

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Lower [18F]fallypride binding to dopamine D2/3 receptors in frontal brain areas in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a positron emission tomography study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171900062x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 799-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esther D. A. van Duin ◽

Jenny Ceccarini ◽

Jan Booij ◽

Zuzana Kasanova ◽

Claudia Vingerhoets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Receptor Binding ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Deletion Syndrome ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽

22Q11.2 Deletion ◽

Brain Areas ◽

Frontal Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 locus q11.2. This copy number variant results in haplo-insufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and is associated with a significant increase in the risk for developing cognitive impairments and psychosis. The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that primarily modulates clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft, especially in the prefrontal cortical areas. Consequently, extracellular DA levels may be increased in prefrontal brain areas in 22q11DS, which may underlie the well-documented susceptibility for cognitive impairments and psychosis in affected individuals. This study aims to examine DA D2/3 receptor binding in frontal brain regions in adults with 22q11DS, as a proxy of frontal DA levels.MethodsThe study was performed in 14 non-psychotic, relatively high functioning adults with 22q11DS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), who underwent DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Frontal binding potential (BPND) was used as the main outcome measure.ResultsBPND was significantly lower in adults with 22q11DS compared with HCs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. After Bonferroni correction significance remained for the anterior cingulate gyrus. There were no between-group differences in BPND in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate lower frontal D2/3 receptor binding in adults with 22q11DS. It suggests that a 22q11.2 deletion affects frontal dopaminergic neurotransmission.

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