Comparison of calculation methods for wheel–switch rail normal and tangential contact

Wheel–rail contact is more complex in railway a turnout than in ordinary track and, thus, necessitates an advanced model to simulate dynamic interaction and predict rail wear. The main aim of the present work is to assess the application of several wheel–rail rolling contact models in railway turnout. For normal contact problems, wheel–rail contact models based on four different methods are compared: Hertz theory, the semi-Hertzian method, CONTACT, and the finite element method. The assessment is based on the results of contact patch shape and size and contact pressure for several wheelset lateral displacements. The load is set to a constant and equal to static wheel load. Calculations are performed at the section of switch rail head with width 35 mm in CN60-1100-1:18 turnout; both standard and worn rail profiles are accounted for. For tangential contact problems, four corresponding methods are assessed, based on the calculation of creep forces, distribution of the stick/slide region and computational efficiency: Shen–Hedrick–Elkins theory, FASTSIM, improved FASTSIM based on semi-Hertzian method, and CONTACT. It is found that the normal contact problems solved by the semi-Hertzian method and CONTACT correlate well with the finite element method, and the tangential contact problems solved by improved FASTSIM and CONTACT are quite favorable. The conclusions of this work can provide some guidance for contact model selection in the dynamic simulation and wear prediction of railway turnout.