Syndrome X (angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries) and myocardial infarction in patients with anti-phospholipid (Hughes) syndrome

Lupus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Sangle ◽  
DP D'Cruz
1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Zell ◽  
SE Reis

Syndrome X was diagnosed in a female patient who presented with typical angina and a non-Q wave myocardial infarction, yet demonstrated normal coronary arteries. Syndrome X has been described as an impairment in normal endothelial function of the coronary microvasculature, resulting in inappropriate vasoconstriction and inadequate coronary flow reserve. In this article we review pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in a single case.


Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Julius ◽  
Martin Spillmann ◽  
Giuseppe Vassalli ◽  
Bruno Villari ◽  
Franz R. Eberli ◽  
...  

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