Computer-Enhanced Demonstrations of the Fitts' Tapping Task

Author(s):  
Andris Freivalds ◽  
Dongjoon Kong

As human factors (HF) educators, we often struggle to find good examples or inexpensive tools that allow us to demonstrate basic ergonomic principles. The following computer software allows us to HF educators to demonstrate a variety of basic cognitive not only in a lecture of laboratory environment but also at the convenience of the student who owns a personal computer. Specifically this demonstration will present the Fitts' Tapping Task with the Index of Difficulty factor using an eye-hand coordination task but the variation of performing the movements with a mouse.

Author(s):  
Andris Freivalds ◽  
Dongjoon Kong

As human factors (HF) educators, we often struggle to find good examples or inexpensive tools that allow us to demonstrate basic ergonomic principles. The following computer software allows us to HF educators to demonstrate a variety of basic cognitive not only in a lecture of laboratory environment but also at the convenience of the student who owns a personal computer. Specifically this demonstration will present the concept of a simple reaction time, but with the variations of using different color stimuli and a mouse button click for the response.


1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-340
Author(s):  
Richard S. Hirsch

Following a brief review of how the human factors community achieved its present focus and circumstance, the discussion deals with what future preoccupations and opportunities may face human factors practitioners, such as computer software and documentation evaluations, the development of standards and guidelines, the avoidance of exposure to product liability cases, and the presentation of legislative testimony, among other concerns and challenges. Also examined are the roles that human factors funding and organizational structures may play in facilitating or inhibiting the effectiveness of human factors research and acceptance of the results obtained.


1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Gingery ◽  
Ayla Sen Embil ◽  
J. Daniel Robinson ◽  
James A. Jernigan ◽  
Luz M. Labrada ◽  
...  

The ability of a personal computer software system to predict actual serum phenobarbital concentrations (SPC) in outpatients taking phenobarbital chronically was assessed by comparing actual with predicted SPC for accuracy, bias, and precision. Data for a four-year period were collected on patients at an outpatient clinic's pharmacokinetic consultation service. The study group included 50 adults and children with at least one SPC taken at a known time after dose administration. Input variables were weight, sex, height, age, concomitant drugs and diseases, phenobarbital dosage regimen, and the time and reported value of all SPC. Initially, SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) simulated dosing regimens on the basis of literature estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters; SPC were then estimated for these regimens and compared with actual values. One or two additional SPC were added to the input data and analyzed, and the predicted SPC compared with actual values. Although SIMKIN's accuracy and bias as measured by regression analysis and mean prediction error, respectively, were within clinically acceptable limits, the precision was not. However, these results are limited by the population studied. Patient compliance, concomitant Phenytoin therapy, changes in phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters with chronic dosing, and disease interactions may significantly affect predictive ability. The clinical effects of these factors need to be evaluated to further improve predictions. Extracto Se evaluó la habilidad de un programa de computadora (SIMKIN = SIMulated KINetics) para predecir la concentration sérica de fenobarbital en pacientes bajo tratamiento crónico con la droga. Se compararon las concentraciones séricas reaies con las calculadas por el programa para determinar la exactitud, predisposición y precisión del mismo. Se recopiló data de pacientes que fueron atendidos en una clínica de consultoría farmacocinética por un período de cuatro años. El grupo de estudio consistió de 50 adultos y niños de los cuales se obtuvo al menos un valor de concentración sérica de fenobarbital a un tiempo dado luego de administrarsele la dosis. Las variables incluidas fueron el peso, sexo, altura, edad, otras drogas y los valores de todas las concentraciones séricas obtenidas. Se estimaron las concentraciones séricas con el programa, y se compararon con los valores reales. Aunque luego del análisis estadistico de la data, la exactitud y predisposición del programa de computadora se encontraron dentro de los límites clínicos aceptables, la precisión no lo fué. El cumplimiento con la terapia de parte del paciente, cambios en los parámetros farmacocinéticos de fenobarbital, y la presencia de otras enfermedades entre otros factores pueden haber afectado significativamente la habilidad predictiva del programa. Resume SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) est un programme informatisé utilisé pour simuler la pharmacocinétique de plusieurs médicaments. Dans cette étude, on a voulu évaluer la capacité de SIMKIN à prédire les concentrations sériques de phénobarbital (CSP) chez des patients externes prenant cette médication de façon chronique; on a donc comparé les valeurs réelles des CSP avec celles prédites, du point de vue exactitude, déviation et précision. Les données ont été recueillies dans les dossiers de 50 adultes ou enfants fréquentant un service externe de consultation pharmacocinétique depuis quatre ans. Au moins une CSP déterminée à un moment connu après l'administration du phénobarbital (P) était disponible pour chaque patient. Les variables considérées étaient le poids, le sexe, la grandeur, l'âge, les médicaments et pathologies concomitantes, la posologie du P, les CSP et les heures de prélèvements. Initialement, SIMKIN utilisait des paramètres pharmacocinétiques estimés à partir de la littérature pour prédire les CSP; il comparait ainsi les valeurs prédites avec les valeurs réelles. Par la suite, une ou deux valeurs de CSP réelles étaient entrées dans le programme; SIMKIN analysait ces CSP, réaljustait les paramètres pharmacocinétiques en fonction de celles-ci puis comparait les valeurs prédites avec celles obtenues. Bien que l'exactitude et la déviation de SIMKIN, tel que mesurés respectivement par une analyse de régression et l'erreur moyen de prédiction, étaient acceptables cliniquement, la précision ne l'était pas. Cependant, ces résultats sont limités par la population étudiée. Les prédictions peuvent être influencées de façon significative par la compliance des patients, l'utilisation concomitante de phénytoïne, des changements dans les paramètres pharmacocinétiques du phénobarbital lors d'une utilisation chronique et les interactions médicamenteuses. Les effets cliniques de ces facteurs devront être évalués pour améliorer les prédictions.


Author(s):  
Julie A. Jones ◽  
T. Kiki Widjaja

Technological advances in the area of computer software, hardware and peripherals have made digital information technology feasible. The Federal Aviation Administration Office of Aviation Medicine has been investigating the application of such technology. The overall goal is to increase accessibility and to improve distribution of Human Factors research reports and information to the aviation maintenance industry. The latest digital documentation project is the Electronic Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance (E-Guide). The E-Guide is a hypermedia version of the Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance (the Guide) which is described elsewhere in this symposium. This paper describes the design goals, key features, and future plans for the E-Guide.


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