scholarly journals The Seven Forms of Challenges in the Wildlife Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292094702
Author(s):  
David L. Roberts ◽  
Amy Hinsley
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Complex Dimensions ◽  
Elephant Ivory ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

Initiatives that aim to regulate the international wildlife trade must take into account its multiple and often complex dimensions in order to be effective. To do this, it is essential to understand the interactions between three of the key dimensions of the wildlife trade: (1) taxonomic unit, (2) geographic origin, and (3) product form and transformation. We propose a framework to provide a structured approach to defining the complexities of the wildlife trade, based on Rabinowitz’s seven forms of rarity. We demonstrate the complexities and how they apply to our framework using two contrasting examples: the trade in elephant ivory, and the horticultural orchid trade. Further we use the framework to map different traceability solutions. To be as efficient as possible, efforts to tackle the illegal and unsustainable utilisation of wildlife should take a more structured approach. This framework identifies challenges that current initiatives may face, how they may interact and provides a structure for designing future interventions.

scholarly journals Trade in non-native, CITES-listed, wildlife in Asia, as exemplified by the trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises (Chelonidae) in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Nijman ◽  
Chris R. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The World ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

In 1973 the Convention in International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was called to life as to regulate the international wildlife trade, and to prevent species becoming (economically and biologically) extinct. The trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises in Asia is so huge that it threatens the survival of many species. In 2006 and 2007, during three surveys at Chatuchak market in Bangkok, Thailand, we recorded a significant trade in non-native CITES-listed freshwater turtles and tortoises to be used as pets. We documented a total of 688 individuals of 19 species from different regions of the world, many of which are globally threatened with extinction. Most commonly recorded were three species of tortoise from Madagascar and Africa, i.e. Radiated Tortoise Geochelone radiata, Spurred Tortoise G. sulcata and Leopard Tortoise G. pardalis. Five species were listed on CITES Appendix I, precluding all international trade, and an additional six Appendix II or III-listed species that can be traded albeit regulated, were not registered as being imported into Thailand in the last six year. CITES I-listed species were not more expensive than CITES II or III listed species, nor was there a relationship between retail price and numbers of turtles observed. The large number and availability of illegally sourced animals indicates a blatant disregard for law and authority by traders both from Thailand and from exporting countries. We conclude that the trade in these species, in such significant volumes, is of serious conservation concern, and in order for CITES to be more effective it is imperative that Parties recognize the scale of the international trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises and respond accordingly.

scholarly journals Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1447) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bell ◽  
Scott Roberton ◽  
Paul R. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

The search for animal host origins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus has so far remained focused on wildlife markets, restaurants and farms within China. A significant proportion of this wildlife enters China through an expanding regional network of illegal, international wildlife trade. We present the case for extending the search for ancestral coronaviruses and their hosts across international borders into countries such as Vietnam and Lao People's Democratic Republic, where the same guilds of species are found on sale in similar wildlife markets or food outlets. The three species that have so far been implicated, a viverrid, a mustelid and a canid, are part of a large suite of small carnivores distributed across this region currently overexploited by this international wildlife trade. A major lesson from SARS is that the underlying roots of newly emergent zoonotic diseases may lie in the parallel biodiversity crisis of massive species loss as a result of overexploitation of wild animal populations and the destruction of their natural habitats by increasing human populations. To address these dual threats to the long–term future of biodiversity, including man, requires a less anthropocentric and more interdisciplinary approach to problems that require the combined research expertise of ecologists, conservation biologists, veterinarians, epidemiologists, virologists, as well as human health professionals.

scholarly journals CITES and the Zoonotic Disease Content in International Wildlife Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Borsky ◽  
Hannah Hennighausen ◽  
Andrea Leiter ◽  
Keith Williges
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

scholarly journals Rhinoceros horns in trade on the Myanmar–China border

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Shepherd ◽  
Thomas N.E. Gray ◽  
Vincent Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Elephant Ivory ◽  
Market Solutions ◽  
The Town ◽  
Horn Core

AbstractThe illegal trade in rhinoceros horn, driven largely by the demand from East and South-east Asia, is a major impediment to the conservation of rhinoceroses globally. We surveyed the town of Mong La, in eastern Myanmar on the border with China, for the presence of rhinoceros horn. No rhinoceros horn was observed in 2006 or 2009, and other African wildlife was rare or absent. During visits in 2014 and 2015 we observed two horns, presumed to be of the white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum, and one horn tip, small discs from the horn core, horn powder and horn bangles. Shops selling rhinoceros horn all specialized in high-end and high-value wildlife, mostly for decorative purposes, including whole elephant tusks, carved elephant ivory, carved hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius canines, and tiger Panthera tigris skins. Organized criminal syndicates are involved in the wildlife trade between Myanmar and Africa, possibly via China. Mong La's geographical position on the border with China, limited control by the central Myanmar Government, and the presence of the Chinese entertainment industry provide ideal conditions for a global wildlife trade hub catering for the Chinese market. Solutions require more intense collaboration between the Myanmar and Chinese authorities to curb the trade in African rhinoceros horn in this part of Asia.

Use of the Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN) as a Required Data Element in International Wildlife Trade: Response to Fragoso and Ferriss

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN GERSON ◽  
BECKY CUDMORE ◽  
NICHOLAS E. MANDRAK ◽  
LONNY D. COOTE ◽  
KEN FARR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Data Element ◽  
Serial Number ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

scholarly journals What is the current state of knowledge and distribution of evidence on established policies and programs to regulate international wildlife trade? A systematic map protocol

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha H Cheng ◽  
Janine E. Robinson ◽  
Siri L.A. Öckerman ◽  
Neil A. Cox ◽  
Annette Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
International Wildlife Trade

Background: The international trade of wildlife (animals and plants) provides critical resources for human communities worldwide and contributes to local, national, and international economies. However, increasing demand presents a significant threat to both species and ecosystems as well as wildlife-centered livelihoods. Concerns regarding illicit trade of wildlife and unsustainable harvest has propelled international wildlife trade regulation to the top of political and conservation agendas. Consequently, a broad range of interventions have been established to regulate the trade and address biodiversity decline. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of international wildlife trade interventions, this protocol sets out the parameters for a systematic map which will comprehensively collate and describe the extent and distribution of the evidence base. The resulting map aims to provide insight to guide future research and inform practice. Methods: This systematic map will identify, map, and characterize the available evidence on the impacts of established policies and programs to address international wildlife trade. Specifically, the systematic map will describe: (1) the volume and distribution of studies that have examined impacts of various interventions on conservation, biological, and socioeconomic outcomes; (2) research methodologies that have been used to evaluate impacts; (3) distribution of studies on particular taxa and geographical areas; and (4) identify evidence gaps in need of more research. We will search two publication databases and several organizational and topical websites for relevant published articles and grey literature. In addition, a call for literature will be issued among relevant research networks. The titles, abstracts, and full texts of captured studies will be assessed against inclusion criteria. Double screening will be carried out on a subset of studies to ensure consistency. Relevant information from studies will be extracted using an a priori codebook. The resulting map will consist of descriptive statistics, a heat map in the form of a matrix, and a narrative synthesis describing characteristics of included studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document