Generation of in-vivo length-tension curve in severe COPD with magnetic stimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jagers ◽  
Michael Ji ◽  
WooSurng Lee ◽  
Paul Easton
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Tension Curve ◽  
Severe Copd

scholarly journals Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Cognitive Impairment by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mariagiovanna Cantone ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Manuela Pennisi ◽  
Rita Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs

The exact relationship between cognitive functioning, cortical excitability, and synaptic plasticity in dementia is not completely understood. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is deemed to be the most common cognitive disorder in the elderly since it encompasses any degree of vascular-based cognitive decline. In different cognitive disorders, including VCI, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be exploited as a noninvasive tool able to evaluate in vivo the cortical excitability, the propension to undergo neural plastic phenomena, and the underlying transmission pathways. Overall, TMS in VCI revealed enhanced cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity that seem to correlate with the disease process and progression. In some patients, such plasticity may be considered as an adaptive response to disease progression, thus allowing the preservation of motor programming and execution. Recent findings also point out the possibility to employ TMS to predict cognitive deterioration in the so-called “brains at risk” for dementia, which may be those patients who benefit more of disease-modifying drugs and rehabilitative or neuromodulatory approaches, such as those based on repetitive TMS (rTMS). Finally, TMS can be exploited to select the responders to specific drugs in the attempt to maximize the response and to restore maladaptive plasticity. While no single TMS index owns enough specificity, a panel of TMS-derived measures can support VCI diagnosis and identify early markers of progression into dementia. This work reviews all TMS and rTMS studies on VCI. The aim is to evaluate how cortical excitability, plasticity, and connectivity interact in the pathophysiology of the impairment and to provide a translational perspective towards novel treatments of these patients. Current pitfalls and limitations of both studies and techniques are also discussed, together with possible solutions and future research agenda.

Design and analysis of motor-evoked potential data in pediatric neurobehavioral disorder investigations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Practical Guidance

This article discusses how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study the pathophysiological substrata of pediatric neurological and neurobehavioural disorders and to provide practical guidance for future research. It outlines the substantial challenges inherent in studying in vivo the neurobiology of pediatric neurobehavioural disorders, such as safety, quantitative versus categorical measures, and challenges in correlational studies. It discusses ways in which TMS generates quantitative measures that may function as endophenotypes for neurobehavioural disorders. Combining TMS with other modalities may also be informative. Single- and paired-pulse TMS is safe and well tolerated in children. The application of rigorous experimental designs and a combination of TMS with other research methods may increase the knowledge of pathophysiology and treatment of pediatric neurobehavioural disorders.

scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of a Rodent‐Specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil: An In Silico and In Vivo Validation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Boonzaier ◽  
Petar I. Petrov ◽  
Willem M. Otte ◽  
Nickolay Smirnov ◽  
Sebastiaan F.W. Neggers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
In Vivo Validation

scholarly journals Measures of Cortical Inhibition by Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Anesthetized Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Vahabzadeh-Hagh ◽  
Paul A. Muller ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Frances E. Jensen ◽  
Alexander Rotenberg
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Anesthetized Rats

Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) is a noninvasive method to measure cortical inhibition in vivo. Long interpulse interval (50–500 ms) ppTMS (LI-ppTMS) provokes intracortical inhibitory circuits and can reveal pathologically impaired cortical inhibition in disorders such as epilepsy. Adaptation of ppTMS protocols to rodent disease models is highly desirable to facilitate basic and translational research. We previously adapted single-pulse TMS (spTMS) methods to rats, but ppTMS has yet to be applied. Specifically, whether ppTMS elicits an inhibitory response in rodents is unknown. ppTMS in rats also requires anesthesia, a setting under which the preservation of these measures is undetermined. We therefore tested, in anesthetized rats, whether anesthetic choice affects spTMS-motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), LI-ppTMS in rats, as in humans, elicits intracortical inhibition of the MEP, and rat LI-ppTMS inhibition is acutely impaired in a seizure model. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (PB) or ketamine-atropine-xylazine (KAX) and stimulated unilaterally over the motor cortex while recording bilateral brachioradialis MEPs. LI-ppTMS was applied analogous to human long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) protocols, and acute changes in inhibition were evaluated following injection of the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We find that spTMS-evoked MEPs were reliably present under either anesthetic, and that LI-ppTMS elicits inhibition of the conditioned MEP in rats, similar to human LICI, by as much as 58 ± 12 and 71 ± 11% under PB and KAX anesthesia, respectively. LI-ppTMS inhibition was reduced to as much as 53% of saline controls following PTZ injection, while spTMS-derived measures of corticospinal excitability were unchanged. Our data show that regional inhibition, similar to human LICI, is present in rats, can be elicited under PB or KAX anesthesia, and is reduced following convulsant administration. These results suggest a potential for LI-ppTMS as a biomarker of impaired cortical inhibition in murine disease models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document