Abstract
BackgroundClear cell carcinoma of abdominal wall surgery scar is a rare condition that can have many potential causes, and its early diagnosis is difficult after undergoing obstetrical and gynecological surgery unless performing tumor biopsy. So far, about 45 cases have been reported in the literature. This paper provides a case report and literature review of clear cell carcinoma on abdominal wall surgical scar.Case presentationWe described the case of a 47-year-old woman reporting two lumps in the scar of abdomen. Her medical history was marked by a previous Caesarean section and two excisions of benign endometriosis nodules at the scar. Physical examination found a mass of about 6×5×5 cm on the left side of the scar with mucoid on the surface and a fixed abdominal wall mass of about 10×10×8 cm in the 2 transverse fingers under the umbilicus. Histological examination proved a clear cell carcinoma result. The patient received tumor excision and first-line chemotherapy with complete remission. A review of the literature showed that 91.3% of the cases had had a Caesarean section. Besides, approximately 34.2% of women died 5–48 months after diagnosis. The average age of women was 46.5 years and the average tumor size was 10 cm.ConclusionThe abdominal wall mass of middle-aged women is closely related to the scar left by the previous Cesarean section and must be investigated in time and properly. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and often incorrect, and there is no specific marker for malignant transformation. Treatment usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, but the prognosis is poor.
Endometriosis-associated clear cell carcinoma arising in caesarean section scar: a case report and review of the literature