scholarly journals The new child food package is associated with reduced obesity risk among formula fed infants participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, California, 2003–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pia Chaparro ◽  
Christopher E. Anderson ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi ◽  
May C. Wang ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

scholarly journals The 2009 Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food package change and children's growth trajectories and obesity in Los Angeles County

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pia Chaparro ◽  
Catherine M Crespi ◽  
Christopher E Anderson ◽  
May C Wang ◽  
Shannon E Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

ABSTRACT Background In 2009, for the first time since the program's inception in 1974, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) changed their food packages, providing food options better aligned with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the 2009 WIC food package change was associated with changes in growth trajectories from age 0 to 4 y or obesity at age 4 among children who participated in WIC in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016. Methods Children were grouped into 1 of 4 exposure groups: full-dose, new food package group (participating in WIC from birth to age 4, post 2009, N = 70,120), full-dose, old food package group (participating from birth to age 4, pre 2009, N = 85,871), late-dose, new food package group (participating from age 2 to 4 y, post 2009, N = 8386), and late-dose, old food package group (participating from age 2 to 4 y, pre 2009, N = 18,241). Children were matched across groups on gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education and language, family income, and initial weight status, and matched analyses were performed. Longitudinal growth trajectories were modeled using piecewise linear spline mixed models, and differences in obesity at age 4 were compared using Poisson regression models. Results Children receiving a full dose of the new food package had healthier growth trajectories and a lower obesity risk at age 4 than children receiving a full dose of the old food package (RR [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.86, 0.91] for boys, 0.90 [0.87, 0.93] for girls). Boys, but not girls, in the late-dose, new food package group had a lower obesity risk at age 4 compared with boys in the late-dose, old food package group (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81, 0.98). Conclusions The WIC food package change appears to be associated with improved childhood obesity outcomes. These findings are important in informing policymakers considering further improvements to the WIC food packages.

The role of income and neighborhood poverty in the association between the 2009 WIC food package change and child obesity among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County, 2003-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
M. Pia Chaparro ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley ◽  
Christopher E. Anderson ◽  
May C. Wang ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Child Obesity ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

Abstract Objective: To determine whether a previously reported association between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food package change and reduced child obesity risk among WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County holds across levels of family income and neighborhood poverty. Design: Analysis of prospectively collected WIC administrative data. The outcome was obesity at age 4 (BMI-for-age≥95th percentile). Poisson regression was applied to a matched sample (N=79,502) to determine if the association between the WIC food package change and child obesity was modified by family income (<50% federal poverty level [FPL], 50-100% FPL, >100% but <185% FPL) and neighborhood poverty. Setting: Los Angeles County, California. Participants: Children who participated in WIC in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016; children were grouped as receiving the old WIC food package (2003-2009) or the new WIC food package (2010-2016). Results: Receiving the new WIC food package (i.e. post-2009) was associated with 7-18% lower obesity risk across all family income categories Neither family income nor neighborhood poverty significantly modified the association between the WIC food package and child obesity. However, certain subgroups seemed to benefit more from the food package change than others. In particular, boys from families with income above poverty but residing in the poorest neighborhoods experienced the greatest reductions in obesity risk (RR=0.77; 95%CI=0.66-0.88). Conclusions: The WIC food package revisions were associated with reduced childhood obesity risk among all WIC-participating families in Los Angeles County, across levels of income-eligibility and neighborhood poverty.

Changes in nutrient and food group intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: findings from the 2005–2008 and 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3309-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan C Zimmer ◽  
Jacqueline A Vernarelli
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

AbstractObjective:To use nationally representative data to evaluate changes in nutrient and food intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) before v. after implementation of the 2009 food package revisions.Design:Cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES survey cycles were pooled to assess nutrient/food group intakes among household WIC participants pre- (2005–2008) v. post- (2011–2014) implementation of the 2009 food package revisions.Setting:Information regarding WIC participation and 24 h diet recalls were collected at NHANES examination.Participants:Children 24–59 months old and women 19–50 years of age in households receiving WIC benefits in the NHANES 2005–2008 and 2011–2014.Results:Comparison of WIC participants’ dietary intake pre- and post-revision demonstrated changes in mean population intakes of both nutrients and food groups. The food package revisions were associated with increased intakes of fibre (P = 0·004 children, P = 0·013 women) and whole grains (P = 0·001 children, P = 0·087 women). For children only, vegetable intake shifted to higher consumption of legumes (P = 0·013) and decreased intake of starchy vegetables (P = 0·042). No significant changes were observed for dairy or fruit intake of children or women.Conclusions:The study provides insight to what goals of the package revisions were achieved. The findings can inform future food package revisions.

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