Sea-surface wind agitation can be considered the dominant noise sources whose intensity relies on local wind speed during typhoon period. Noise source levels in previous researches may be unappreciated for all oceanic regions and should be corrected for modeling typhoon-generated ambient noise fields in deep ocean. This work describes the inversion of wind-driven noise source level based on a noise field model and experimental measurements, and the verification of the inverted noise source levels with experimental results during typhoon period. A method based on ray approach is presented for modeling underwater ambient noise fields generated by typhoons in deep ocean. Besides, acoustic field reciprocity is utilized to decrease the calculation amount in modeling ambient noise field. What is more, the depth dependence and the vertical directionality of noise field based on the modeling method and the Holland typhoon model are evaluated and analyzed in deep ocean. Furthermore, typhoons named “Soulik” in 2013 and “Nida” in 2016 passed by the receivers deployed in the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS). Variations in sound speed profile, bathymetry, and the related oceanic meteorological parameters are analyzed and taken into consideration for modeling noise field. Boundary constraint simulated annealing (SA) method is utilized to invert the three parameters of noise source levels and to minimize the objective function value. The prediction results with the inverted noise source levels exhibit good agreement with the measured experiment data and are compared with predicted results with other noise sources levels derived in previous researches.
Ambient noise field and propagation in an Arctic fjord Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
