Noradrenergic Overactivity in Chronic Schizophrenia: Evidence Based on Cerebrospinal Fluid Noradrenaline and Cyclic Nucleotide Concentrations

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. R. Gomes ◽  
B. C. Shanley ◽  
L. Potgieter ◽  
J. T. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

SummaryConcentrations of noradrenaline (NA), homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and cyclic nucleotides were determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from acute and chronic schizophrenics and various groups of psychiatric and non-psychiatric control subjects. Statistically significant increases in NA and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were found in CSF from chronic schizophrenics compared to all other groups. These results were shown by statistical analyses to be unrelated to medication. They may be interpreted as evidence for noradrenergic overactivity as a possible primary abnormality in chronic schizophrenia.

Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in children with afebrile and febrile convulsions

Neurology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 31 (Issue 4, Part 2) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Habel ◽  
C. M. Yates ◽  
J. K. McQueen ◽  
D. Blackwood ◽  
R. A. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

scholarly journals Cytochemical methods for the localization of adenylate cyclase. A review and evaluation of the efficacy of the procedures.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L S Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

The cytochemical procedures for localizing adenylate cyclase have been a source of controversy since their introduction. The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), the product of adenylate cyclase's action on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in cell biology is clear. Thus, the ability to localize this enzyme system reliably is an important tool in the study of various cellular functions. This report reviews the literature and presents a biochemical evaluation of the methods for localizing adenylate cyclase. The review and data presented serve to clarify many of the controversies surrounding this important cytochemical procedure. It is evident that although there are problems associated with localizing the enzyme, several valid procedures are currently available for the cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase. In using these procedures, the effects of fixation and the capture agent on adenylate cyclase activity in the particular tissue being studied should be considered. Only repurified adenylyl imidodiphosphate [App(NH)p] should be used in the incubation medium. If care is taken, the use of these techniques can be of great value in the continued study of the role of cyclic nucleotides in cell biology.

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