Tuberculosis is known to be a disease of elephants for the past 2000 years. The main
causative agent isolated from reported tuberculosis (TB) cases were Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The study focuses on the haematological and serum biochemical changes in the blood of TB
infected Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Twelve apparently healthy elephants and twelve
TB infected elephants (confirmed by trunk wash smear positive for acid fast bacilli) were selected
for the study. Neonates, pregnant elephants and elephants in musth were not included in the
study. The study animals were subjected to haematological and serum biochemical evaluation.
The data were analysed statistically. The results showed a significant increase in total leukocyte
count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, thrombocyte count and ESR in TB affected animals
compared with apparently healthy animals. Serum creatinine, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, globulin
was significantly high in TB affected animals compared with healthy controls. Assessment of
haematological and serum biochemical parameters in TB affected elephants aid in diagnosis and
tracking of the infection