On the role of drizzle in stratocumulus and its implications for large-eddy simulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (604) ◽  
pp. 3429-3434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lenderink ◽  
A.P. Siebesma



2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Nielson ◽  
Kiran Bhaganagar

A novel and a robust high-fidelity numerical methodology has been developed to realistically estimate the net energy production of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines in a convective atmospheric boundary layer, for both isolated and multiple wind turbine arrays by accounting for the wake effects between them. Large eddy simulation has been used to understand the role of atmospheric stability in net energy production (annual energy production) of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines placed in the convective atmospheric boundary layer. The simulations are performed during the convective conditions corresponding to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory field campaign of July 2015. A mathematical framework was developed to incorporate the field-based measurements as boundary conditions for the large eddy simulation by averaging the surface flux over multiple diurnal cycles. The objective of the study is to quantify the role of surface flux in the calculation of energy production for an isolated, two and three wind turbine configuration. The study compares the mean value, +1 standard deviation, and −1 standard deviation from the measured surface flux to demonstrate the role of surface heat flux. The uniqueness of the study is that power deficits from large eddy simulation were used to determine wake losses and obtain a net energy production that accounts for the wake losses. The frequency of stability events, from field measurements, is input into the calculation of an ensemble energy production prediction with wake losses for different wind turbine arrays. The increased surface heat flux increases the atmospheric turbulence into the wind turbines. Higher turbulence results in faster wake recovery by a factor of two. The faster wake recovery rates result in lowering the power deficits from 46% to 28% for the two-turbine array. The difference in net energy production between the +1 and −1 standard deviation (with respect to surface heat flux) simulations was 10% for the two-turbine array and 8% for the three-turbine array. An ensemble net energy production by accounting for the wake losses indicated the overestimation of annual energy production from current practices could be corrected by accounting for variation of surface flux from the mean value.



2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 672-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tunstall ◽  
D. Laurence ◽  
R. Prosser ◽  
A. Skillen


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheye Wang ◽  
Shuang Li

<p>Artificial fish reefs are the underwater structures placed on the ocean floor to simulate some characteristics of natural reefs. The onshore current can be transformed into upwelling under the influence of artificial fish reefs, thus the nutrient at the bottom of the near shore can be raised, which increases the prey of plankton and fish yield. In order to investigate this phenomenon, a 3D large eddy simulation (LES) of the ocean boundary layer was combined with four different types of artificial fish reef terrains (square, convex-fan, isosceles right triangle, concave-fan). In the near surface, almost only the square terrain can uplift the nutrient, which brings about the most uniform nutrient distribution. Based on the size of integral values of nutrient concentration in the upper part of the four reefs, they are listed as follows: square terrain, convex-fan terrain, isosceles right triangle terrain, concave-fan terrain decreases (from largest to smallest). What is more, the integral values of the four terrains reduce exponentially. Because the nutrient flow encounters the square terrain’s vertical plane, it has a larger vertical velocity. Nevertheless, for convex-fan terrain and isosceles right triangle terrain, their slopes are smoothly, resulting in poor lifting effect. Meanwhile, compared with the other three types of terrains, the concave-fan terrain can prevent the overflow of nutrients better. Among those four reefs, it can be found the square-shaped artificial fish reef is the best one for uplifting the nutrient.</p>



1981 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Antonopoulos-Domis

TEMTY, a code for large-eddy simulation of a passive scalar in isotropic turbulence, is developed and proved by successful simulation of experiment. The role of each term in the scalar equation and the concept of prefiltering the scalar equation is examined. The ratio of the exponents in the decay of velocity and temperature intensities is found to parametrize with the ratio Λu/Λ0, where Λu, Λ0, are the velocity and temperature Taylor microscales respectively.







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