Effect of Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Carotid Artery Stenosis

Vascular ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio X. Salles-Cunha ◽  
Enrico Ascher ◽  
Anil P. Hingorani ◽  
Natalia Markevich ◽  
Richard W. Schutzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Relationship

Although ultrasonography (US) advantageously portrays lumen and wall thickness, velocity criteria have been used primarily to interpret carotid artery stenosis. The relationship of US and velocity measurements was investigated. Peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities (PSV, EDV) increase exponentially as the lumen of the internal carotid artery narrows and the percent stenosis (%S) increases. We tested the consistency of the relationship between carotid velocities and US %S in two distinct data sets. One data set was used to obtain regression equations relating velocity parameters and %S based on US. Validation of these equations was conducted using a separate, independent data set. US measurements were classified in 12 %S intervals. PSV, EDV, the ratio of the internal carotid artery to the common carotid artery PSV, and %S were entered consecutively until 10 records for each %S interval were obtained. Regression equations obtained in the first data set were used to predict %S in the second data set. Predicted %S was then compared with actual US %S. The highest correlation in the first data set ( r = .89) was between %S and the natural logarithm (ln) of PSV. This ln PSV -%S equation was then applied to a second data set of an additional 120 carotid duplex images. In the second data set, actual %S and PSV–predicted %S differed by > 10% in 38 cases (32%). When all velocity-%S regression equations were used for comparison, differences between actual and at least one velocity-predicted %S were > 10% in 19% of the arteries. Conversely, actual %S matched at least one prediction of %S based on velocity data in 81% of the cases. US %S differed significantly from single velocity-based estimates of %S in at least one-third of the cases. On the other hand, four of five US measurements were confirmed by at least one velocity parameter. Emphasis on US, in addition to velocity data, is recommended for the interpretation of duplex US carotid examinations.

Carotid artery stenosis in correlation with neck and carotid artery anatomy

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110186
Author(s):  
Ivana Stula ◽  
Sanja L Kojundzic ◽  
Maja M Guic ◽  
Katarina Novak
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Neck Anatomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Carotid Space

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neck anatomy, especially its largest muscle – sternocleidomastoid and carotid space, with carotid artery anatomy and stenosis. Methods We analysed 102 computed tomography carotid angiograms. The study included the measurement of the neck and sternocleidomastoid length, diameter and volume and the size of the carotid space. Analysis of carotid artery geometry, the length, angle and height of carotid artery bifurcation and the direction of the internal carotid artery origin was also included. Results We found a positive correlation only between the neck and carotid length. There was no correlation between other neck characteristics and a carotid anatomy or internal carotid artery stenosis. Direction of internal carotid artery origin was significantly different (p < 0.01) between the left and right sides. Conclusions We have not found a correlation between the size of sternocleidomastoid and carotid space and carotid stenosis as a hypothetical factor for atherosclerosis. Also, the degree of carotid artery stenosis did not correlate with other neck and carotid measurements. Neck and carotid anatomy correlated only in their lengths. The left internal carotid artery showed mostly posterolateral origin, and right internal carotid artery had no predominate direction.

Internal carotid artery stenosis

1964 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Dickinson ◽  
John Hankinson ◽  
Merlin Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis

Abstract TP127: Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Asymptomatic Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease in Patients With Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Analysis of Stent-protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) Trial

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan I Qureshi ◽  
Saqib A Chaudhry ◽  
Peter A Ringleb
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Vertebral Artery Stenosis ◽  
Extracranial Vertebral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Extracranial vertebral artery disease is seen in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis although the clinical significance not well understood. Methods: We analyzed data that was collected as part of the Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) trial which recruited patients with recently symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to compare the relative risk of various endpoints between the three categories of extracranial vertebral artery disease (normal/hypoplastic, moderate/severe stenosis, and occlusion). The multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, gender, basic demographics and severity of carotid stenosis. Results: Of the 1181 subjects who had extracranial vertebral artery ultrasound evaluation, moderate to severe stenosis and occlusion of one of both extracranial vertebral arteries was diagnosed in 152(12.9%) and 57(4.8%) subjects, respectively. During the mean follow up period (±SD) of 22.1±7.1 months 102(8.6%) and 60(5.1%) experienced a stroke or died, respectively. Compared with subjects with normal or hypoplastic vertebral artery, there was a non-significant 30% higher risk of any stroke among subjects with moderate to severe vertebral artery stenosis (relative risk [RR]1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]0.7-2.3) after adjusting for potential confounders. There was a 40% and 50% higher risk of ipsilateral stroke (RR 1.4, 95% CI0.7-2.5) and death (RR 1.5, 95% CI 0.7-3.1) among subjects with moderate to severe vertebral artery stenosis after adjusting for potential confounders. In Kaplan Meir analysis, the estimated 1 and 2 year stroke free survival for subjects with moderate to severe vertebral artery stenosis was 88% (standard error [SE]2.6%). In comparison, the estimated 1 and 2 year stroke free survival for subjects with normal or hypoplastic vertebral artery was 92.5%(SE0.8%)and 91.6%(SE0.9), respectively. Conclusions: There appears to be an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis with concurrent asymptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis.

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