Substation forced to be built in the mountains, with complex geological conditions and harsh natural conditions. The summer rainy season and the winter snow and ice have caused serious threats to the security on the mountain substation geological safety and have great impact on the power grid stability. Currently, there is no effective and continuous monitoring tool for mountain substation geological safety. Due to active crustal movement, earthquake, mudslides and other geological disasters increased significantly in some areas. Substation has undergone a number of serious geological security incidents. To solve such problems, the project intends to research and apply on the mountain substation geological safety monitoring. Firstly, analyzes the necessity of geological safety monitoring. Secondly, introduces the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, optical monitoring systems and geological safety monitoring system. Finally, makes a simulation experiment and demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.