scholarly journals First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANACHAYA PISSAPARN ◽  
SUMALEE PHIMPHAN ◽  
PATCHARAPORN CHAIYASAN ◽  
ALONGKLOD TANOAMTONG ◽  
THOMAS LIEHR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Pissaparn M, Phimphan S, Chaiyasan P, Tanoamtong A, Liehr T, Suwannapoom C, Reungsing M, Supiwong W. 2020. First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866). Biodiversitas 21: 4309-4316. Here first analysis of chromosomes and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) pattern in pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866) was undertaken. Chromosomal preparations were obtained from kidney of P. cochinchinensis from Chi River basin in Thailand. Chromosomal characteristics were analyzed by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(CA)15 and d(CGG)10 probes. P. cochinchinensis had 2n = 40 with the fundamental number (NF) 74, both in male and female. The karyotype exhibited 12 metacentric (m), 10 submetacentric (sm), 12 acrocentric (a) and 6 telocentric (t) chromosomes. No differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes were observed. NORs were located on short arms adjacent to telomere of the metacentric chromosome pair 4, which coincide with signals of d(CGG)10 probe. FISH with d(CGG)10 sequences were also displayed at the telomeres of most other chromosomes, whereas d(CA)15 repeats highly accumulated throughout almost all entire chromosomes except for centromeric regions. The results of conventional Giemsa staining presented the differentiation even the same genus. The localization of NORs on one pair of chromosomes only is a common characteristic found in many fish groups as well as other vertebrates. Mapping of two distinct microsatellites demonstrated the remarkable chromosomal diversification that characterizes evolution in the genus Pao. Both, conventional and molecular cytogenetics are excellent tools to study, and better understand chromosomal evolution, as well as to uncover biodiversity among fishes.

Evolution of Bird Sex Chromosomes Narrated by Repetitive Sequences: Unusual W Chromosome Enlargement in Gallinula melanops (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Gunski ◽  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Marcelo Santos de Souza ◽  
Ivanete de Oliveira Furo ◽  
Suziane A. Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Rdna Sites

Among birds, species with the ZZ/ZW sex determination system generally show significant differences in morphology and size between the Z and W chromosomes (with the W usually being smaller than the Z). In the present study, we report for the first time the karyotype of the spot-flanked gallinule (Gallinula melanops) by means of classical and molecular cytogenetics. The spot-flanked gallinule has 2n = 80 (11 pairs of macrochromosomes and 29 pairs of microchromosomes) with an unusual W chromosome that is larger than the Z. Besides being totally heterochromatic, it has a secondary constriction in its long arm corresponding to the nucleolar organizer region, as confirmed by both silver staining and mapping of 18S rDNA probes. This is an unprecedented fact among birds. Additionally, 18S rDNA sites were also observed in 6 microchromosomes, while 5S rDNA was found in just 1 microchromosomal pair. Seven out of the 11 used microsatellite sequences were found to be accumulated in microchromosomes, and 6 microsatellite sequences were found in the W chromosome. In addition to the involvement of heterochromatin and repetitive DNAs in the differentiation of the large W chromosome, the results also show an alternative scenario that highlights the plasticity that shapes the evolutionary history of bird sex chromosomes.

Studies of the X chromosome of Anopheles albimanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
M. Q. Benedict ◽  
S. Narang
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Colour Mutant ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Radiation Induced

Snow (sn) is a recessive, eye color mutant that is phenotypically indistinguishable from the previously described mutant, white eye (we). The loci for these mutants are over 30 map units apart on the X chromosome. Analysis of salivary gland chromosomes of radiation-induced X-autosome translocations were used to define the positions of sn and we on the distal euchromatic portion of the long arm of the X chromosome. A recessive lethal trait (bubble head) was also mapped relative to we and sn, and the gene order on the long arm of the X chromosome is as follows: centromere – ? – snow – bubble head – white eye. Translocation breakpoints in the euchromatic portion of the X chromosome caused sterility or lethality in males hemizygous for the translocations, but breaks in the heterochromatin had no effect. Crossing-over was greatly reduced when translocation breakpoints were located in the euchromatic part of the X chromosome. The translocations were used to determine that the nucleolar organizer region is probably on the short arm of the X chromosome.Key words: Anopheles albimanus, eye colour mutant, X chromosome.

scholarly journals First Chromosome Analysis and Localization of the Nucleolar Organizer Region of Land Snail, Sarika resplendens (Stylommatophora, Ariophantidae) in Thailand

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilailuk Khrueanet ◽  
Weerayuth Supiwong ◽  
Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan ◽  
Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan ◽  
Krit Pinthong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Land Snail

scholarly journals In situ fluorescent visualization of nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins with a thiol reagent.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Méhes ◽  
E Kálmán ◽  
L Pajor
Keyword(s):  
Silver Staining ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Thiol Reagent ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Rnase Digestion

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are nucleolus-forming rDNA loops associated with argyrophil proteins, the amount of which varies according to the proliferative state of the cell. It has been presumed that the nucleolar protein-related thiol groups may have a role in selective silver staining. We investigated the nuclear thiol distribution with a fluorescent thiol reagent, coumarinyl-phenyl-maleimide (CPM) in human K-562 myeloblast cultures and found that SH group-related fluorescence was brightest in the area of nucleoli, which became highly selective after RNAse digestion. A remarkable co-localization of AgNOR silver reaction and CPM fluorescence was observed, although occupation of the SH groups by CPM did not prevent the silver staining. We applied the stain to dual-parameter flow cytometry in combination with DNA content measurements, which provide further information on nucleolar function and changes in experimental and pathological specimens.

The molecular characterization of the genome of Muraena helena L. I. Isolation and hybridization of two MboI-restricted DNA fractions

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pichiri ◽  
M. Nieddu ◽  
R. Mezzanotte ◽  
P. P. Coni ◽  
S. Salvadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Fish Chromosomes ◽  
Highly Repetitive Dna ◽  
Total Dna

To investigate the genome of the anguilliform fish Muraena helena at the molecular level we characterized total DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis after cleavage with AluI, HaeIII, MboI, and DdeI restriction endonucleases. Subsequently, we isolated the DNA from two specific electrophoretic fractions to be used as probes for Southern and in situ hybridization experiments. One such fraction showed an electrophoretic pattern typical of highly repetitive DNA localized in the centromeres of many chromosomes. The other fraction was shown to be located in the nucleolar organizer region, partially coincident with 45S rDNA, and to be composed of highly repetitive sequences.Key words: fish chromosomes, rDNA, highly repetitive DNA.

scholarly journals The First Chromosome Analysis and Localization of the Nucleolar Organizer Region of Phayre's Flying Squirrel, Hylopetes phayrei (Rodentia, Sciuridae) in Thailand

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitthisak Jantarat ◽  
Sumpars Khunsook ◽  
Praween Supanuam ◽  
Somsak Jeewattana ◽  
Sarawut Kaewsri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Flying Squirrel

Genomic relationships between maize and its wild relatives

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Takahashi ◽  
J A Marshall ◽  
M D Bennett ◽  
I J Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Genome Donors

Recent molecular studies confirm the long-held theory that maize is a tetraploid, but the identity of the ancestral diploid species remains an enigma. The various hypotheses were investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Total genomic DNA from 10 wild relatives of maize were used as probes onto maize chromosomes to see if this could identify the ancestral genome donors in maize. While none of the taxa hybridized to a subset of chromosomes, genomic DNA from Zea mays ssp. mexicana, Z. mays ssp. parviglumis, Z. diploperennis, Tripsacum dactyloides and Coix lacryma-jobi all showed a similar hybridization pattern consisting of a dispersed signal over all maize chromosomes. Moreover, the first four species also showed highly localized subtelomeric signal on the long arms of maize chromosomes 5, 6 ,7, and 8. In contrast, three Sorghum species tested (S. bicolor, S. halapense, and S. versicolor) only showed hybridization at the nucleolar organizer region. In light of recent data on retrotransposon occurrence in maize, the results may provide insights into the timing of speciation of Zea, Tripsacum, and Coix. Data obtained from the tetraploid Z. perennis strongly supported its taxonomic separation from the diploid Z. diploperennis.Key words: Zea, GISH, evolution, Tripsacum, Sorghum.

scholarly journals Comparative FISH analysis of Senna tora tandem repeats revealed insights into the chromosome dynamics in Senna

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Dat Ta ◽  
Nomar Espinosa Waminal ◽  
Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Remnyl Joyce Pellerin ◽  
Hyun Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Dynamics

Abstract Background DNA tandem repeats (TRs) are often abundant and occupy discrete regions in eukaryotic genomes. These TRs often cause or generate chromosomal rearrangements, which, in turn, drive chromosome evolution and speciation. Tracing the chromosomal distribution of TRs could therefore provide insights into the chromosome dynamics and speciation among closely related taxa. The basic chromosome number in the genus Senna is 2n = 28, but dysploid species like Senna tora have also been observed. Objective To understand the dynamics of these TRs and their impact on S. tora dysploidization. Methods We performed a comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis among nine closely related Senna species and compared the chromosomal distribution of these repeats from a cytotaxonomic perspective by using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence to infer phylogenetic relationships. Results Of the nine S. tora TRs, two did not show any FISH signal whereas seven TRs showed similar and contrasting patterns to other Senna species. StoTR01_86, which was localized in the pericentromeric regions in all S. tora, but not at the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) site, was colocalized at the NOR site in all species except in S. siamea. StoTR02_7_tel was mostly localized at chromosome termini, but some species had an interstitial telomeric repeat in a few chromosomes. StoTR05_180 was distributed in the subtelomeric region in most species and was highly amplified in the pericentromeric region in some species. StoTR06_159 was either absent or colocalized in the NOR site in some species, and StoIGS_463, which was localized at the NOR site in S. tora, was either absent or localized at the subtelomeric or pericentromeric regions in other species. Conclusions These data suggest that TRs play important roles in S. tora dysploidy and suggest the involvement of 45S rDNA intergenic spacers in “carrying” repeats during genome reshuffling.

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