Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in children with type 1 diabetes

We performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the retinal vasculature in children, adolescent, and young adults with type 1 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients underwent funduscopic examination for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening during an annual visit for the screening of diabetes-related complications which included the evaluation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), microalbuminuria, lipid profile, arterial pressure, and neurological assessment. In addition, OCTA of the retinal vasculature was performed. Quantitative analysis of the OCTA images evaluated the vessel density at the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexus of the retina. Structural vascular alterations were evaluated qualitatively. Results were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched controls. The effect of age, disease duration, age at the disease onset, mean HbA1c since the onset, and lipid profile on vascular density was tested. Fifty-three patients (median age 15.5, IQR 12.4-19.4 years; 57% females) with type 1 diabetes and 48 controls were enrolled. The median (IQR) HbA1c was 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) (6.9-8.1%, 52-65 mmol/mol), and the median (IQR) duration of disease was 6.0 (3.3-10.3) years. Mean vessel density measured with OCTA was lower in patients compared to controls with the temporal sector showing the highest difference both in the SCP (0.55 vs. 0.57, p<0.001) and the DCP (0.63 vs. 0.65, p<0.001). None of the predictors was associated with the superficial and deep vascular densities. Only 2 patients had clinically detectable DR. Microvascular structural changes were found on OCTA in both of these patients and in one without funduscopic alterations. In conclusion, patients with type 1 diabetes without clinically detectable DR had decreased capillary density compared to controls on OCTA images. These findings may provide useful information for the screening and the management of patients with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and their clinical relevance.

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Influence of puberty on retinal microcirculation in children with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/14791641211004427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 147916412110044

Author(s):

Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz ◽

Joanna Gołębiewska ◽

Marta Baszyńska-Wilk ◽

Andrzej Olechowski ◽

Aleksandra Byczyńska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Capillary Plexus

Background: This study aimed to assess the influence of pubertal status on the results of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: We enrolled 167 consecutive children with T1D. Retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density data underwent analysis. We divided the study population into three subgroups depending on the pubertal status. Results: Analysis of the prepubertal and pubertal subgroups revealed statistically significant differences in foveal thickness (FT) (p < 0.05) and foveal SCP (p < 0.02). Analyzing subgroups of the prepubertal and postpubertal children, we observed statistically significant differences in FT (p < 0.03), whole SCP (p < 0.02), and foveal SCP (p < 0.02). Comparison of the pubertal and postpubertal subjects revealed differences in parafoveal DCP (p < 0.003). In the groups matched depending on diabetes duration, we observed differences between prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal children in FT, PFT, and parafoveal SCP and DCP. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in a cohort of pubertal children with a short duration of diabetes, alterations in retinal vessel density occur early and progress during puberty.

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Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Without Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.61.6.49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

David Cordeiro Sousa ◽

Inês Leal ◽

Susana Moreira ◽

Sónia do Vale ◽

Ana S. Silva-Herdade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Evaluation of early retinal vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-021-02059-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Serkan Bilge Koca ◽

Muberra Akdogan ◽

Semra Koca

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Changes

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Optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type-1: A case series

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211030781 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110307

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Moreno-Morillo ◽

José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo ◽

Bárbara Burgos-Blasco ◽

Carlos Llorente-La Orden ◽

Beatriz Vidal-Villegas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Case Series ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Near Infrared Reflectance

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in the retina and choroid of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Methods: We describe a series of four patients diagnosed with NF1 and choroidal nodules who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including a retinal multimodal imaging study based on retinography, near-infrared reflectance imaging (NIR), enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCTA. Results: Patients were three women and one man aged 36–47 years. In all patients, the choroidal nodules were not visible in retinographies but easily detectable with NIR, appearing as multiple bright patches. On OCTA, we observed reduced vessel density in the choriocapillaris in zones where choroidal nodules appeared in OCT images. In one patient, a corkscrew vessel was visible in the superficial capillary plexus. Conclusion: Choriocapillaris vessel density was reduced in zones where choroidal nodules occur in NF1 patients. Further work is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of this finding.

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