Analysis of Retinal Perfusion in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

We performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the retinal vasculature in children, adolescent, and young adults with type 1 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients underwent funduscopic examination for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening during an annual visit for the screening of diabetes-related complications which included the evaluation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), microalbuminuria, lipid profile, arterial pressure, and neurological assessment. In addition, OCTA of the retinal vasculature was performed. Quantitative analysis of the OCTA images evaluated the vessel density at the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexus of the retina. Structural vascular alterations were evaluated qualitatively. Results were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched controls. The effect of age, disease duration, age at the disease onset, mean HbA1c since the onset, and lipid profile on vascular density was tested. Fifty-three patients (median age 15.5, IQR 12.4-19.4 years; 57% females) with type 1 diabetes and 48 controls were enrolled. The median (IQR) HbA1c was 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) (6.9-8.1%, 52-65 mmol/mol), and the median (IQR) duration of disease was 6.0 (3.3-10.3) years. Mean vessel density measured with OCTA was lower in patients compared to controls with the temporal sector showing the highest difference both in the SCP (0.55 vs. 0.57, p<0.001) and the DCP (0.63 vs. 0.65, p<0.001). None of the predictors was associated with the superficial and deep vascular densities. Only 2 patients had clinically detectable DR. Microvascular structural changes were found on OCTA in both of these patients and in one without funduscopic alterations. In conclusion, patients with type 1 diabetes without clinically detectable DR had decreased capillary density compared to controls on OCTA images. These findings may provide useful information for the screening and the management of patients with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and their clinical relevance.

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Is the Retinal Vasculature Related to β-Peripapillary Atrophy in Nonpathological High Myopia? An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study in Chinese Adults

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/7895238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiao Sun ◽

Jialin Wang ◽

Ran You ◽

Yanling Wang

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

High Myopia ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Retinal Vasculature ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Peripapillary Atrophy ◽

Avascular Zone

Purpose. The association between β-peripapillary atrophy and the retinal vasculature in nonpathological high myopia is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether β-peripapillary atrophy contribute to the changes of the retinal vasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, one hundred and thirty eyes with nonpathological high myopia were included. β-peripapillary atrophy was analysed using Image J software based on fundus photographs. A 3.0 × 3.0 mm2 grid and a 4.5 × 4.5 mm2 grid were used to scan parafoveal and peripapillary regions using optical coherence tomography angiography, respectively. Vessel density and fractal dimensions of the retina and foveal avascular zone were analysed and quantified using en face projection images. Correlations between the vascular density, foveal avascular zone, and β-peripapillary atrophy were determined. Results. Using multivariate analysis, β-peripapillary atrophy was negatively correlated with the vessel density in radial peripapillary capillaries (p=0.002) even after adjusting for other variables. This relationship was also confirmed in the macula (superficial retinal plexus: p<0.05; deep retinal plexus: p<0.05). The vessel densities in the nasal and inferior sectors were more strongly correlated with β-peripapillary atrophy. Conclusions. There was a negative correlation between β-peripapillary atrophy and the retinal vasculature in highly myopic eyes, especially in radial peripapillary capillaries and deep retinal plexus. β-peripapillary atrophy can be visualized and is a convenient structural feature that can benefit the early diagnosis and detection of chorioretinal atrophy in high myopia.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in children with type 1 diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0186479 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. e0186479 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Joanna Gołębiewska ◽

Andrzej Olechowski ◽

Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz ◽

Dominik Odrobina ◽

Marta Baszyńska-Wilk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Optical Coherence

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Influence of puberty on retinal microcirculation in children with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/14791641211004427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 147916412110044

Author(s):

Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz ◽

Joanna Gołębiewska ◽

Marta Baszyńska-Wilk ◽

Andrzej Olechowski ◽

Aleksandra Byczyńska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Capillary Plexus

Background: This study aimed to assess the influence of pubertal status on the results of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: We enrolled 167 consecutive children with T1D. Retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density data underwent analysis. We divided the study population into three subgroups depending on the pubertal status. Results: Analysis of the prepubertal and pubertal subgroups revealed statistically significant differences in foveal thickness (FT) (p < 0.05) and foveal SCP (p < 0.02). Analyzing subgroups of the prepubertal and postpubertal children, we observed statistically significant differences in FT (p < 0.03), whole SCP (p < 0.02), and foveal SCP (p < 0.02). Comparison of the pubertal and postpubertal subjects revealed differences in parafoveal DCP (p < 0.003). In the groups matched depending on diabetes duration, we observed differences between prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal children in FT, PFT, and parafoveal SCP and DCP. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in a cohort of pubertal children with a short duration of diabetes, alterations in retinal vessel density occur early and progress during puberty.

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Comparison of the Repeatability of Macular Vascular Density Measurements Using Four Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Systems

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/4372580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jingyuan Yang ◽

Mingzhen Yuan ◽

Erqian Wang ◽

Youxin Chen

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Scan Pattern

The aim of this study was to compare the repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) measurements of macular vessel density using four OCT-A systems, including Heidelberg Spectralis HRA, Optovue RTVue XR, Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, and Topcon DRI OCT Triton. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The vascular density and vascular length density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses were imaged with OCT-A using 3 mm and 6 mm scan patterns and were calculated using ImageJ. Comparisons of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were conducted. We found that the OCT-A systems had various levels of repeatability. Zeiss had better repeatability for vessel density than the other systems (overall ICC = 0.936). Optovue had better repeatability for vessel length density when the 6 mm scan pattern was used (ICC = 0.680 and 0.700 for retinal superficial and deep capillary plexus, respectively). We concluded that repeatability varied when different scan patterns of various OCT-A systems were used for imaging the superficial retinal and deep capillary plexuses. Results should be seen as valid only for a given method. The repeatability of various OCT-A systems should be considered in clinical practice and in clinical trials that use OCT-A metrics as outcome measures.

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Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Without Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.61.6.49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

David Cordeiro Sousa ◽

Inês Leal ◽

Susana Moreira ◽

Sónia do Vale ◽

Ana S. Silva-Herdade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Evaluation of early retinal vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-021-02059-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Serkan Bilge Koca ◽

Muberra Akdogan ◽

Semra Koca

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Changes

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Optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type-1: A case series

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211030781 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110307

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Moreno-Morillo ◽

José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo ◽

Bárbara Burgos-Blasco ◽

Carlos Llorente-La Orden ◽

Beatriz Vidal-Villegas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Case Series ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Near Infrared Reflectance

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in the retina and choroid of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Methods: We describe a series of four patients diagnosed with NF1 and choroidal nodules who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including a retinal multimodal imaging study based on retinography, near-infrared reflectance imaging (NIR), enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCTA. Results: Patients were three women and one man aged 36–47 years. In all patients, the choroidal nodules were not visible in retinographies but easily detectable with NIR, appearing as multiple bright patches. On OCTA, we observed reduced vessel density in the choriocapillaris in zones where choroidal nodules appeared in OCT images. In one patient, a corkscrew vessel was visible in the superficial capillary plexus. Conclusion: Choriocapillaris vessel density was reduced in zones where choroidal nodules occur in NF1 patients. Further work is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of this finding.

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Foveal avascular zone area analysis in juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10384-020-00726-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hajime Onoe ◽

Yorihisa Kitagawa ◽

Hiroyuki Shimada ◽

Ari Shinojima ◽

Masako Aoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Juvenile Onset ◽

Onset Type ◽

Avascular Zone

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Assessment of the retinal vasculature in healthy Chinese preschool children aged 4–6 years old using optical coherence tomography angiography

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02154-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lu Xiang ◽

Yingming Zhou ◽

Yanwei Chen ◽

Siyu Jiang ◽

Chunli Fei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Retinal Vasculature ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

The Mean

Abstract Purpose To establish normal parameters of macular and optic disc vasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy preschool children aged 4–6 years old in China. OCTA reflects retinal metabolism and development in children at these ages and could be used clinically and in future studies to aid diagnosis and prediction of retinal abnormalities and developmental stagnation. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we measured foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP); the deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and the radial capillary peripapillary (RPC) in the optic disc using investigational spectral-domain OCTA. The magnification effect of the FAZ area and microvasculature measurements was corrected by Littman and the modified Bennett formula. Results A total of 242 eyes (116 males and 126 females, 5.31 ± 0.73 years) were recruited for the analysis. The mean macular vessel density was 48.10 ± 2.92% and 48.74 ± 6.51% in the SCP and the DCP, respectively. The RPC vessel density was 47.17 ± 2.52%, 47.99 ± 4.48%, and 48.41 ± 3.07% in the whole image, inside disc, and peripapillary, respectively; and the mean FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.11 mm2. A significant difference between male and female participants was found in the retinal vasculature (DCP, SCP, and RPC). None of these parameters were significantly different in age (P > 0.05), except that DCP slightly increased with aging. The right and left eyes had good consistency in the parameters of the macula and optic disc. Conclusions Our study establishes the macular and optic disc OCTA reference values in 4- to 6-year-old healthy preschool children. They may be used in longitudinal OCTA studies and clinical applications.

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