scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and its associated factors in the district of Bilene, Gaza Province—Mozambique

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260941
Author(s):  
Dulce Osório ◽  
Isabelle Munyangaju ◽  
Edy Nacarapa ◽  
Argentina Muhiwa ◽  
Amancio Vicente Nhangave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Background Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection is a significant problem in Mozambique. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Mozambique. Methods Retrospective case-control study in a rural area of Bilene District, on the coast of southern Mozambique, performed from January 2017 to June 2018. The analysis considered the clinical data of HIV exposed children with definitive HIV positive results and their respective infected mothers (cases), and the data of HIV exposed children with definitive HIV negative results and their respective infected mothers (controls) registered in At Risk Child Clinics from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2018 at the Macia and Praia de Bilene health facilities in Bilene district, Gaza province–Mozambique. Results Ninety pregnant women with HIV were involved in the study, including 30 who had transmitted the infection to their children and 60 who had not. Statistical analysis, adjusted for maternal age and gestational age at first antenatal care visit, showed that independent risk factors for transmission were gestational age at first visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.36), non-adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (56.7% vs. 5%; aOR 14.12, 95% CI 3.15–63.41); a viral load of 1000 copies/mL or more (90% vs. 5%; aOR: 156, 95% CI 22.91–1,062) and female sex of the neonate (80% vs. 51.7%; aOR: 4.43, 95% CI 1.33–15.87). Conclusion A high viral load and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy are important predictors of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV despite overall low transmission rates in HIV-exposed infants in rural Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicollate A Okoko ◽  
Kevin O Owuor ◽  
Jayne L Kulzer ◽  
George O Owino ◽  
Irene A Ogolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the availability of efficacious prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and improved access to preventive services in many developing countries, vertical HIV transmission persists. A matched case–control study of HIV-exposed infants between January and June 2012 was conducted at 20 clinics in Kenya. Cases were HIV-infected infants and controls were exposed, uninfected infants. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine characteristics associated with HIV infection. Forty-five cases and 45 controls were compared. Characteristics associated with HIV-infection included poor PMTCT service uptake such as late infant enrollment (odds ratio [OR]: 7.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–16.7) and poor adherence to infant prophylaxis (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 3.2–21.4). Maternal characteristics associated with MTCT included lack of awareness of HIV status (OR: 5.6, 95%CI: 2.2–14.5), failure to access antiretroviral prophylaxis (OR: 22.2, 95%CI: 5.8–84.6), and poor adherence (OR: 8.1, 95%CI: 3.7–17.8). Lack of clinic-based HIV education (OR: 7.7, 95%CI: 2.0–25.0) and counseling (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 2.2–33.3) were reported by mothers of cases. Poor uptake of PMTCT services and a reported absence of HIV education and counseling at the clinic were associated with MTCT. More emphasis on high-quality, comprehensive PMTCT service provision are urgently needed to minimize HIV transmission to children.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection and Its Determinants among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisseha Wudineh ◽  
Bereket Damtew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Since the scale-up for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, rates of HIV infection among exposed infants have significantly declined. However, current achievements fell short of achieving the target sets. We investigated mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection and its determinants among HIV-exposed infants on care at Dilchora Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa City Administration. A retrospective institutional cohort study was conducted by reviewing follow-up records of HIV-exposed infants who were enrolled into care. Infants’ HIV serostatus was the outcome measure of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify significant determinants. Of the 382 HIV-exposed infants enrolled into care, 60 (15.7%) became HIV positive. Rural residence (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.22), home delivery (AOR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.38), infant not receiving ARV prophylaxis at birth (AOR: 5.83; 95% CI: 2.84, 11.94), mixed feeding practices (AOR: 42.21; 95% CI: 8.31, 214.38), and mother-child pairs neither receiving ARV (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.01, 9.82) were significant independent determinants of MTCT of HIV infection. Our findings suggest additional efforts to intensify scale-up of PMTCT services in rural setting and improve institutional delivery and postnatal care for HIV positive mothers and proper follow-up for HIV-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Impact of a Maternal Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Intervention on HIV-exposed Infants in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
Anays Murillo ◽  
Mary Bachman DeSilva ◽  
Lora L. Sabin ◽  
Nafisa Halim ◽  
Harriet Chemusto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Uganda has successfully reduced pediatric HIV infections through prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs, yet little is known about adherence to infant-specific components of interventions. We hypothesized that infants born to mothers receiving the WiseMama (WM) electronic drug monitoring (EDM)-based adherence intervention would have increased uptake of six-week post-natal nevirapine (NVP) infant prophylaxis and better adherence to six-week early infant diagnosis (EID) HIV testing. Methods: At two sites in Uganda, the Wise Infant Study (WIN) prospectively followed an infant cohort. Infants were born to women enrolled in an RCT testing the effect of real-time reminders delivered via EDM on maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy. We assessed intrapartum and discharge receipt of NVP prophylaxis using pharmacy and infant HIV DNA testing laboratory data. Results: Of 121 women eligible for WIN, 97 (80%) consented and enrolled; 46 had been randomized to control and 51 to intervention. There were no differences in receipt of a six-week NVP supply (control 87%, intervention 82%, p = 0.53). Receipt of any NVP prophylaxis did not vary by delivery location (p = 0.35), and although 12% of infants were delivered at non-study health facilities, they were not less likely to receive NVP at discharge (p = 0.37). Among infants with a completed HIV test, there was no difference in mean time to first test (control 52 days (SD 18), intervention 51 days (SD 15), p = 0.86). Only one infant, in the control group, tested positive for HIV. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: We found no significant differences in adherence to infant PMTCT practices between intervention and control infants with relatively high rates of NVP receipt albeit with suboptimal adherence to six-week EID testing. Further work is needed to ensure improved access, uptake, and follow-up of HIV-exposed infants in the Option B+ era. Key words: • Prevention of maternal to child transmission of HIV • HIV • Nevirapine • Antiretroviral therapy prophylaxis • Early infant diagnosis • HIV-exposed infants   Copyright © 2020 Murillo et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

HCV/HIV co-infection, HCV viral load and mode of delivery: risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus?

AIDS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1811-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eug??nia Marin??-Barjoan ◽  
Alain Berr??bi ◽  
Val??rie Giordanengo ◽  
S??bastien Fournier Favre ◽  
Herv?? Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Epidemiology of HIV Infection Among HIV-Exposed Infants, Nairobi County, Kenya, 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372094886
Author(s):  
Anthony B Kiplagat ◽  
Carol Ngunu ◽  
Elvis Oyugi ◽  
James Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: To characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive infants among HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) in Nairobi County for public health action. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of records of HEIs’ HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results in Nairobi County in 2015, excluding confirmatory PCR-positive results. HIV-exposed infant registry data were entered into Microsoft Excel and descriptive and associative statistics were calculated with OpenEpi software. Results: A total of 5802 HEI records were analyzed, with a median age of 4.5 (interquartile range, 8.5) months; 342 (5.9%) tested positive, 51% were female, and 4420 (76.2%) were seen at maternal and child health clinics. Standard highly active antiretroviral therapy intervention was given to 184 (60.3%) of the mothers of exposed infants, and 178 (53%) of the HIV-positive infants received active antiretroviral therapy. A total of 3464 (59.7%) HEIs had PCR done within the first 2 months, and 119 (3.4%) tested positive. The average turnaround time for PCR samples was 28 ± 22 days, and a total of 191 (3.3%) HIV-positive HEIs were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Conclusion: The recorded mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate of 5.9% in Nairobi County is lower than the 2015 national rate, which suggests the Nairobi prevention of mother-to-child transmission efforts are moderately effective. However, results from this study show that Kenya will struggle to meet the MTCT 2020 target rate of <5%.

Influence of short-course antenatal antiretroviral therapy on viral load and mother-to-child transmission in subsequent pregnancies among HIV-infected women

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E French ◽  
Pat A Tookey ◽  
Mario Cortina-Borja ◽  
Annemiek de Ruiter ◽  
Claire L Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Mother To Child
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