scholarly journals Effect of intravenous gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion in newborns

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Kurniawan Tan ◽  
Adrian Umboh ◽  
Ari Runtunuwu
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion

Background Studies in newborns and animals have shown that gentamicin increases urinary calcium excretion. New recommendation for gentamicin in newborns is administered intravenously 36-48 hourly. Subsequent to this new recommendation, there have been no further studies on the effects of extended gentamicin dosage on urinary calcium excretion in newborns.Objective To assess the effect of intravenous gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion in newborns.Methods This pretest – posttest study was done in the Neonatology Division of Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, from August to November 2013. Subjects were full-term newborns who received intravenous gentamicin every 36 hours and whose parents provided informed consent. We excluded newborns with asphyxia and cardiovascular shock, also those who received diuretics or steroids. Urine spot collection was done before, after the first dose, and after the second dose of intravenous gentamicin. Urinary calcium and creatinine levels were measuerd. Urine calcium excretion was defined as the ratio of urinary calcium to creatinine level.Results Of 28 newborns, there were 16 males and 12 females. The median of urine calcium creatinine ratio before intravenous gentamicin was 0.021 (range 0.004 to 0.071) mg/mg. After first dose of gentamicin, the median ratio was 0.043 (range 0.009 to 0.156) mg/mg, and after the second dose of gentamicin, the median ratio was 0.144 (range 0.015 to 1.160) mg/mg.Conclusion There is a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion after the first and second doses of intravenous gentamicin. Furthermore, a cumulative effect of gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion is observed after the second dose. 

scholarly journals Urinary Calcium Excretion Pattern in Preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Snigdha Rai ◽  
I Upadhyaya ◽  
Karishma Malla ◽  
Gehanath Baral
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Preeclamptic Patient ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion ◽  
Sulphosalicylic Acid ◽  
Control Study

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the urinary calcium excretion pattern in preeclampsia and to establish the relation between severity of preeclampsia and urinary calcium excretionMethods: This was a case-control study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from January to June 2015. There were 88 patients equally divided in each group. 24 hours urine calcium was analyzed by ortho-cresophthalin-complexone method (OCPC) and urinary proteinuria was analyzed bedside by sulphosalicylic acid. Results were analyzed using SPSS 17. P value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Preeclampsia was found to occur commonly among the nulliparous patients (59%). The patients with MAP with ≥ 110mmHg excreted less calcium in their urine in comparison to the patient with MAP < 110mmHg (73.55mg/24 hrs VS 92.79 mg/24 hr). Daily calciuria was decreased with the increase in proteinuria (91.43 mg, 76.19mg and 54.02mg in 1+, 2+ and 3+ respectively). The 24 hours urine calcium excretion in term preeclamptic patient was significantly reduced in compared to the normotensive term pregnant women (77.92 mg ± 48.61mg VS 117.66mg ±69.21 mg, p <0.001).Conclusion: Preeclamptic patients excrete significantly lower amounts of calcium in urine and it may be a marker of the severity of preeclampsia.

Urinary calcium indices in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH): which test performs best?

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-137718
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahad Arshad ◽  
James McAllister ◽  
Azhar Merchant ◽  
Edmund Rab ◽  
Jacqueline Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion ◽  
Control Study

AimPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is much more common than familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH), but there is considerable overlap in biochemical features. Urine calcium indices help with the differential diagnosis, but their reliability in making this distinction is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare urinary calcium values in patients with PHPT and FHH.MethodsThis was a case–control study of patients with PHPT who had successful surgery and genetically proven FHH between 2011 and 2016. Due to low FHH numbers, patients from neighbouring hospitals and outside study period (2017–2019) were allowed to improve power. Data on demographics and urinary calcium were obtained from electronic records and compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring the study period, 250 patients underwent successful PHPT surgery, while in the FHH arm, 19 genetically proven cases were included. The median (IQR) 24-hour urine calcium excretion (UCE) in the PHPT group was 8.3 (5.6–11.2) mmol/24 hours compared with 3.2 (2.1–6.1) mmol/24 hour in the FHH group (p<0.001). Median (IQR) calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR) in the PHPT and FHH groups was 0.020 (0.013–0.026) and 0.01 (0.002–0.02), respectively (p=0.001). The sensitivity of urinary tests for PHPT was 96% for UCE (cut-off ≥2.5 mmol/24 hour) and 47% for CCCR (cut-off >0.02). The specificity of the urinary tests for FHH was 29.4% for UCE (cut-off <2.5 mmol/24 hour) and 93% for CCCR (cut-off <0.02).Conclusions24-hour UCE is more sensitive in diagnosing PHPT; however, it is less specific in ruling out FHH as compared with CCCR, when the cut-offs suggested by the International guidelines from the fourth international workshop are used. A significant proportion of patients with PHPT would have also required genetic studies if the guidelines were followed.

scholarly journals Inhibition of calbindin D28K expression by cyclosporin A in rat kidney: the possible pathogenesis of cyclosporin A-induced hypercalciuria.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1426
Author(s):  
C W Yang ◽  
J Kim ◽  
Y H Kim ◽  
J H Cha ◽  
S Y Mim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Calbindin D28k ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion

A recent study by Steiner et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 51: 253-258, 1996) demonstrated a decreased calbindin D28K expression in the kidneys of cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated rats. To evaluate the association of renal calcium handling with calbindin D28K expression in CsA-treated rats, two separate experiments (vehicle [VH] versus CsA groups, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [VitD] versus VitD + CsA groups) were done simultaneously. CsA (25 mg/kg per d, subcutaneously) and VitD (0.5 microg/kg per d, subcutaneously) were given for 7 d. The CsA group showed decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VH group. The VitD + CsA treatment decreased serum calcium, increased urine calcium excretion, and decreased calbindin D28K protein level and immunoreactivity compared with the VitD alone. CsA treatment did not affect the serum parathyroid hormone and VitD levels. This study demonstrates an association of calbindin D28K expression with the urinary calcium excretion in CsA-treated rats, and suggests that decreased calbindin D28K expression may play a role in renal calcium wasting.

Mechanism of chronic hypercalciuria with furosemide: increased calcium absorption

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. F17-F24 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bushinsky ◽  
M. J. Favus ◽  
C. B. Langman ◽  
F. L. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Intestinal Calcium Absorption ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Filtered Load ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion

Furosemide produces chronic hypercalciuria. The source of the additional urinary calcium is not known but must be either bone mineral or calcium absorbed by the intestine. Without bone calcium dissolution or increased absorption the filtered load of calcium would fall and urinary calcium excretion would return to pretreatment levels. To determine whether furosemide alters intestinal calcium absorption, we fed furosemide (75 mg . kg body-1 wt . day-1) to 11 rats eating 15 g/day of a 0.60% calcium diet. Compared with 11 control rats, furosemide increased urine calcium (15.6 +/- 0.8 mg/5 days vs. 4.1 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.001). Fecal calcium excretion fell (194 +/- 7 mg/5 days vs. 223 +/- 12, P less than 0.05), indicating an increase in intestinal calcium absorption sufficient to sustain the hypercalciuria. The increase in absorption occurred without an increase in the level of serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (180 +/- 20 pg/ml vs. 220 +/- 16, furosemide vs. control, respectively, P = NS). To determine whether the intestinal effect of furosemide persists after the initial sodium diuresis abates, we analyzed only the last 3 days of balance. Again, rats fed furosemide had increased urine excretion and intestinal absorption of calcium, so that net calcium balance was not different from that of controls. Twelve additional rats were fed a 0.02% calcium diet to which 35 mg . kg body wt-1 . day-1 of furosemide was added. Compared with eleven controls, urine calcium increased and fecal calcium excretion again fell, but balance was not different. Chronic administration of furosemide increases intestinal calcium absorption enough to permit urine calcium excretion to remain elevated without the necessity for bone dissolution.

P1833HOW DO WE DEFINE HYPERCALCIURIA IN 24 HR URINE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyowon Choi ◽  
Mee Kyung Namgoong
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urinary Lithiasis

Abstract Background and Aims Hypercalciuria can clinically present itself as gross hematuria, microscopic hematuria, dysuria or abdominal pain without urinary lithiasis. It is also one of main metabolic causes of urinary lithiasis in children. In Nelson pediatrics, hypercalciuria is defined by a 24 -hour urine for calcium excretion&gt;4mg/kg/day. A spot urine calcium creatinine ratio of &gt;0.2, is considered abnormal in older children and adolescents. Both of them are not a standardized detect in children. Fasting and postprandial spot urinary calcium creatinine ratios may not detect hypercalciuria so accurately, that a 24-hour urine is preferred. In addition, 24hr urine collection is frequently under- or over-collected, which leads to an inadequate sampling hard to pick up which one the more accurate calculating methodology for the hypercalciuria detection with 24hr urine is. In this study, we evaluated the comparisons of 24 hr urine calcium creatinine ratio(Ca/Cr), 24hr urine calcium excretion(mg/kg)(Ca/Kg) and CCCR in school aged children. 24-hour urine for calcium excretion&gt;4mg/kg/day 24-hour urine calcium creatinine ratio of &gt;0.2 Calcium creatinine clearance ratio(CCCR); (24-hour U-calcium/P-total calcium) / (24-hour U-creatinine/P-creatinine), as known as fractional excretion of calcium(FeCa) Method We enrolled 250 normal kidney function patients who’s age is 7 to 18 year, was able to collect 24 hr urine in a single hospital unit. We conducted 24 hr urine collection, serum calcium creatinine levels on the same day from January 2007 to December 2019. We analyze of each values. We used SPSS. 25.0 Results

Changes in plasma calcium and in radiocalcium kinetics after termination of 5-week infusions of synthetic parathyroid peptide in dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stevenson ◽  
J. A. Parsons ◽  
R. D. Podbesek ◽  
J. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

Abstract. Nine dogs were infused at constant rates with the synthetic parathyroid peptide hPTH 1-34 (initially sc) to produce consistent hypercalcaemia. Over the final week, the infusions were iv. Radioisotopic tracers were injected iv 30 days (5 dogs) and 2 days (9 dogs) before the infusions were suddenly terminated. In 5 dogs, complete urine collections were obtained via a bladder catheter over 8 h beginning 2 h before stopping the infusions. Cessation of treatment caused small rises in the urinary Ca: creatinine ratio. Plasma calcium levels fell by a mean of 0.44 mmol/l, of which total urine calcium excretion only accounted for 55%. Immediately after the PTH infusions were stopped, consistent but transient increases were seen in the ratio of 'new' 47Ca to 'old' 45Ca label, suggesting inflow of 40Ca of high 47Ca specific activity from a fairly rapidly exchangeable bone pool. These data confirm and extend previous evidence that the immediate response of the calcium equilibrium between bone and bloodstream to rapid changes in plasma PTH concentrations in the supra-physiological range is paradoxical relative to the classical later response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document