Battles in contested markets: The processes of legitimation in the 'legal high' market

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Legal High

5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane: from laboratory curiosity to ‘legal high’

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathal T. Gallagher ◽  
Sulaf Assi ◽  
Jacqueline L. Stair ◽  
Suzanne Fergus ◽  
Ornella Corazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal High

Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA in “legal high” products and human urine specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Haschimi ◽  
Lukas Mogler ◽  
Sebastian Halter ◽  
Arianna Giorgetti ◽  
Bernd Schwarze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Legal High ◽  
Urine Specimens

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740
Author(s):  
Yigit Sezer ◽  
Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi ◽  
Marilyn A Huestis ◽  
Buket Alpertunga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Legal High ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: JWH-018 was the first synthetic cannabinoid introduced as a legal high and the first of the new generation of novel psychoactive substances that flooded worldwide drug markets. JWH-018 was marketed as “spice,” “herbal incense,” or “herbal blend,” as a popular and legal (at the time) alternative to cannabis (marijuana). JWH-018 is a potent synthetic cannabinoid with considerable toxicity associated with its use. JWH-018 has qualitatively similar but quantitatively greater pharmacological effects than cannabis, leading to intoxications and even deaths. The mechanisms of action of the drug’s toxicity require research, and thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicological profile of JWH-018 in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Methods: SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were exposed to increasing concentrations from 5 to 150 μM JWH-018 over 24 h. Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, the apoptotic/necrotic rate, and oxidative stress were assessed following SH-SY5Y exposure. Results: JWH-018 did not produce a significant decrease in SH-SY5Y cell viability, did not alter apoptotic/necrotic rate, and did not cause genotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells with 24-h exposure. Glutathione reductase and catalase activities were significantly reduced; however, there was no significant change in glutathione peroxidase activity. Also, JWH-018 treatment significantly decreased glutathione concentrations, significantly increased protein carbonylation, and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. For significance, all P < 0.05. Discussion/Conclusion: JWH-018 produced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells that could be an underlying mechanism of JWH-018 neurotoxicity. Additional in vivo animal and human-based studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA in ‘legal high’ products and human urine samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Mogler ◽  
Florian Franz ◽  
Daniel Rentsch ◽  
Verena Angerer ◽  
Georg Weinfurtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Human Urine Samples ◽  
Legal High

scholarly journals Forensic electrochemistry: the electroanalytical sensing of synthetic cathinone-derivatives and their accompanying adulterants in “legal high” products

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie P. Smith ◽  
Jonathan P. Metters ◽  
Craig Irving ◽  
Oliver B. Sutcliffe ◽  
Craig E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Legal High ◽  
Synthetic Cathinone

MT-45: A new, dangerous legal high

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Coppola, MD ◽  
Raffaella Mondola, MD
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Legal Highs ◽  
Smart Drugs ◽  
Research Chemicals ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Legal High

Epidemiological data confirm that the use of new psychoactive substances is on the rise around the world.1 Numerous reports have described medical emergencies associated with the consumption of unconventional drugs of misuse bought in “head” or “smart” shops or online.1 New psychoactive substances, also referred as “legal highs,” “smart drugs,” or “research chemicals,” are a large group of both plant derivatives and synthetic compounds, also in combination, purposefully designed as legal alternatives to illicit substances of abuse. The most popular and widely-spread new psychoactive substances are synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones, however, various different compounds such as amphetamine-like molecules, arylcyclohexylamines, synthetic hallucinogens, prescription drugs and hormones have been found in recreational products marketed as legal highs.1

Legal High-Lights

1940 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Orson D. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Legal High

Legal High-Lights

1941 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Orson D. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Legal High

scholarly journals Salvinorin A content in legal high products of Salvia divinorum sold in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Hernández-Bello ◽  
Rosa Virginia García-Rodríguez ◽  
Karlina García-Sosa ◽  
Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez ◽  
Maribel Vázquez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Divinorum ◽  
Salvinorin A ◽  
Legal High

scholarly journals Dystonia not dystopia: effects of the legal high, ‘Clockwork Orange’

2015 ◽  
pp. bcr2015212934
Author(s):  
Helen Elizabeth Mackey ◽  
Oliver Hawksley
Keyword(s):  
Legal High
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