Interaction of Nootropic Drugs with Neurotransmitter Enzyme Acetylcholinesterase: An Insilico Approach: A Review

Nootropic drugs are the class of drugs or supplements that are claimed to enhance cognitive functions, specifically executive functions, memory and creativity in healthy individual. They are sometime referred as cognitive enhancers or smart drugs as they are associated with memory improvement functioning. Some of them are well known drugs and clinically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All metabolic reactions are purely dependent on enzymatic actions as they play a very important role in regulating and maintaining most of the biological responses and various processes. An enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) seems to play an essential role in the conduction of cholinergic brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions. There have been different nootropic drugs identified and approved for curing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington's disease. Their binding efficiency and energy have been well studied an established by using the in-silico docking tools. There are different docking tools available today for analysis of molecules such as PyRx, Auto dock and schrodinger suite. The advent of these tools is being widely used by the pharmaceutical industries for the virtual screening of the formulated drugs against the desired target molecule. It has made the drug formulation process more time efficient and cost effective. Thus, an in-silico approach has been widely accepted for drug discovery and its design.

Effects of Garcinia Cambogia on the Weights of Normal Albino Mice

Aim: Effects of available weight reducing drugs on the weights of a normal albino mice. Methodology: In this study, total 39 adult albino mice were used and were divided in three groups containing 13 animals in each. Group I served as control and was given 1 ml of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. Group II and Group III served as experimental group and mice in these groups were given 0.5 mg of Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water respectively once a day for 8 weeks. To support these results weights of kidneys were also measured and relative tissue width index was calculated and compared with control group. Results: The weight of the animals increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. The overall difference for final weight among three groups was highly significant with p-value <0.01. When final weight compared group wise, the experimental groups had significantly higher weight as compared to control with p-values <0.01and 0.028 Conclusion: Both Ultra Slim Plus and Slim Smart drugs cause weight to increase in the individuals who are not obese and have BMI in normal range Keywords: Weight loss, Garcinia Cambodia, kidney, Albino mice

(Re)-fashioning the Techno-erotic Woman

This study examines the techno-journals and futuristic zines such as Boing Boing inscribe a kind of textual prologue for cyber-culture. They are valuable in themselves because they forge a much-needed connection between late print culture and the new cyberspatial network, formatting the matrix of this social space in ways that begin to define it. Wired magazine, for instance, participates in a cultural dialogue concerning issues of network privacy, governmental regulation, and censorship. Wired also sponsors HotWired, its online counterpart, where participants can exchange information, chat with live guests, and buy, sell, or trade computers and software products. Boing Boing, while differing from Wired in their hyperbolic presentation, share the techno-journal's fascination with "New Edge" culture, which includes, in addition to a hacker-like obsession with computers, technological phenomena such as raves, body alteration, smart drugs, and techno-spiritual movements. Because the communications revolution has brought about a phenomenological change in our perceptions of lived experience. These publications could be said to provide a type of public service by offering interfacing media that connect the user-friendly world of print with the phenomenon of cyberspatial networking. Yet, for all of their cutting-edge potential as links to the democratizing venues of cyberspace or as media for constructing alternative cybertextual practices, many of these techno-journals remain disturbingly vested in the politics of late capitalist culture. This includes heralding the new technologies in what amounts to an almost nostalgic longing for the ultimate "metanarrative"—pronouncing technological libertarianism and combining social consciousness with rampant consumerism.

Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and clinical applications of traditional medicinal plants as memory booster

There are varieties of traditional medicinal plants widely used for boosting of memory. These plants include Bacopa monnieri, Rhodiola rosea, Ginkgo biloba, Withania somnifera, etc. Memory boosting effect of such plants is solely attributed to their active phytoconstituents. These constituents are also referred to as smart drugs. These are capable of crossing blood brain barriers. They also enhance the cognitive performance in the brain by acting on memory to make it much alert and focused. They are having memory boosting properties to boost the coordination between the neurons and brain. In present paper, attempts were made to cover pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and clinical applications of traditional medicinal plants as memory booster.

FAK inhibitors as promising anticancer targets: present and future directions

FAK, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been recognized as a novel target class for the development of targeted anticancer agents. Overexpression of FAK is a common occurrence in several solid tumors, in which the kinase has been implicated in promoting metastases. Consequently, designing and developing potent FAK inhibitors is becoming an attractive goal, and FAK inhibitors are being recognized as a promising tool in our armamentarium for treating diverse cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes the different classes of synthetically derived compounds that have been reported as potent FAK inhibitors in the last three decades. Finally, the future of FAK-targeting smart drugs that are designed to slow down the emergence of drug resistance is discussed.

Smart drugs are as a dangerous model of psychoactive substance use

When examining the factors of the use of psychoactive substances (PAS) by young people, recreational consumption has traditionally been studied. The second well-known causal model to examine psychoactive substances was its interpretation as a way of coping with stress for persons with a limited number of adaptation strategies. But data from foreign studies show the development of a new practice of consumption of stimulants, including permitted drugs, in order to improve mental productivity, performance, and improve cognitive function. The pace of life, loads, complex tasks that have to be solved in adolescence are increasing. In conjunction with the models of social behavior influencing the modern young persons, with the cult of success, achievements, perfectionist attitudes, this creates the motivation for self-improvement. And unless ways of improving the body have repeatedly become the topic of scientific researches and publications, the desire to improve the one's own brain function stays in the shadows, it has not yet attracted attention of Russian specialists and needs to be studied. The article analyzes the data of empirical studies that indicate an increase in the consumption of nootropics and other stimulants by students to achieve academic success.

Aprimoramento cognitivo e uso de substâncias: um estudo em torno da divulgação midiática brasileira sobre “smart drugs” e nootrópicos

O consumo de fármacos com o propósito de otimizar processos mentais, como memória, concentração e estado de alerta, tem se expandido, principalmente mediante disseminação pela internet. As chamadas “smart drugs” e fármacos nootrópicos são utilizados com a expectativa de obtenção de melhor desempenho em tarefas profissionais e acadêmicas. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a difusão do uso de medicamentos para aprimoramento cognitivo, a partir de publicações midiáticas brasileiras. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa qualitativa documental, baseada em materiais de divulgação científica que compreendem reportagens publicadas entre os anos de 2009 e 2017, em veículos de mídia reconhecidos nacionalmente. Na propagação de saberes e práticas relacionadas à otimização do desempenho cognitivo pelo uso de substâncias, a internet constitui uma tecnologia midiática potencial para os veículos de divulgação, na disseminação e socialização de tais substâncias. A construção de saberes, noções e representações sociais relacionadas ao tema abordado desafia as instâncias de controle hegemônico do cuidado em saúde. Na esteira dos processos de farmacologização da sociedade, o tratamento público do tema permite estabelecer uma analogia com a “questão das drogas” tornadas ilícitas na contemporaneidade.

Smart Drugs: A Review

Smart drugs can change the way our mind functions. Smart drugs are also known as nootropics, which literally means the ability to bend or shape our mind. Smart drugs are classified into two main categories. They are classified based on their pharmacological action and their availability. The stimulant category of drugs is highly used and misused. There has been a rampant increase in the sale of smart drugs, which could be attributed to the rise in competition all over the world. Two major criteria for selecting a good drug are its mechanism of action and bioavailability. Owing to the short-term benefits of smart drugs, many countries have openly accepted this concept. There is still no concrete scientific evidence backing the safety and efficacy of these drugs. Some believe that this is just a fad that will soon pass, while others believe that this is something that will revolutionize our future.