scholarly journals Potential International Litigation in the Context of Transboundary Pollution: With Special References to the Disposal of Radioactive Water into the Ocean by Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-270
Author(s):  
Jinyup Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transboundary Pollution ◽  
Radioactive Water

scholarly journals The effect of calibration factors and recovery coefficients on 177Lu SPECT activity quantification accuracy: a Monte Carlo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keamogetswe Ramonaheng ◽  
Johannes A. van Staden ◽  
Hanlie du Raan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Partial Volume Correction ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Volume Correction ◽  
Radioactive Water ◽  
Quantification Accuracy ◽  
Cylindrical Volume

Abstract Background Different gamma camera calibration factor (CF) geometries have been proposed to convert SPECT data into units of activity concentration. However, no consensus has been reached on a standardised geometry. The CF is dependent on the selected geometry and is further affected by partial volume effects. This study investigated the effect of two CF geometries and their corresponding recovery coefficients (RCs) on the quantification accuracy of 177Lu SPECT images using Monte Carlo simulations. Methods The CF geometries investigated were (i) a radioactive-sphere surrounded by non-radioactive water (sphere-CF) and (ii) a cylindrical phantom uniformly filled with radioactive water (cylinder-CF). Recovery coefficients were obtained using the sphere-CF and cylinder-CF, yielding the sphere-RC and cylinder-RC values, respectively, for partial volume correction (PVC). The quantification accuracy was evaluated using four different-sized spheres (15.6–65.4 ml) and a kidney model with known activity concentrations inside a cylindrical, torso and patient phantom. Images were reconstructed with the 3D OS-EM algorithm incorporating attenuation, scatter and detector-response corrections. Segmentation was performed using the physical size and a small cylindrical volume inside the cylinder for the sphere-CF and cylinder-CF, respectively. Results The sphere quantification error (without PVC) was better for the sphere-CF (≤ − 5.54%) compared to the cylinder-CF (≤ − 20.90%), attributed to the similar geometry of the quantified and CF spheres. Partial volume correction yielded comparable results for the sphere-CF-RC (≤ 3.47%) and cylinder-CF-RC (≤ 3.53%). The accuracy of the kidney quantification was poorer (≤ 22.34%) for the sphere-CF without PVC compared to the cylinder-CF (≤ 2.44%). With PVC, the kidney quantification results improved and compared well for the sphere-CF-RC (≤ 3.50%) and the cylinder-CF-RC (≤ 3.45%). Conclusion The study demonstrated that upon careful selection of CF-RC combinations, comparable quantification errors (≤ 3.53%) were obtained between the sphere-CF-RC and cylinder-CF-RC, when all corrections were applied.

Bioassay of radioactive water contamination using duckweed Lemna minor and Spirodella polyrrhiza: experimental justification

2020 ◽  
Vol 1701 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
A A Artamonova ◽  
D A Baldov ◽  
O A Mirzeabasov ◽  
M M Rasskazova ◽  
B I Synzynys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Radioactive Water ◽  
Experimental Justification

scholarly journals Transboundary Pollution and Absorptive Capacity

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slim Ben Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Transboundary Pollution

scholarly journals Problems in Human Rights and Transboundary Pollution

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald K. Anton ◽  
Dinah L. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transboundary Pollution
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