Onset Matters: How Collicular Activity Relates to Saccade Initiation during Cortical Cooling

1. Localized cortical cooling was employed in anesthetized cats for the rapid reversible inactivation of the distal forelimb region within the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The aim was to examine the responsiveness of individual neurons in the second somatosensory area (SII) in association with SI inactivation to evaluate the relative importance for tactile processing of the direct thalamocortical projection to SII and the indirect projection from the thalamus to SII via an intracortical path through SI. 2. Response features were examined quantitatively before, during, and after SI inactivation for 29 SII neurons, the tactile receptive fields of which were on the glabrous or hairy skin of the distal forelimb. Controlled mechanical stimuli that consisted of l-s trains of either sinusoidal vibration or rectangular pulses were delivered to the skin by means of small circular probes (4- to 8-mm diam). 3. Twenty-three of the 29 SII neurons (80%) showed no change in response level (in impulses per second) as a result of SI inactivation. These included seven neurons activated exclusively or predominantly by Pacinian corpuscle (PC) receptors, six that received hair follicle input, four activated by convergent input from hairy and glabrous skin, and six driven by dynamically sensitive but non-PC inputs from the glabrous skin. 4. Six SII neurons (20%), also made up of different functional classes, displayed a reduction in response to cutaneous stimuli when SI was inactivated. 5. Stimulus-response relations, constructed by plotting response level in impulses per second against the amplitude of the mechanical stimulus, showed that the effect of SI inactivation on individual neurons was consistent over the whole response range. 6. The reduced response level seen in 20% of SII neurons in association with SI inactivation cannot be attributed to direct spread of cooling from SI to the forelimb area of SII, as there was no evidence for a cooling-induced prolongation in SII spike waveforms, an effect that is known to precede any cooling-induced reduction in responsiveness. 7. As SI inactivation produced a fall in spontaneous activity in the affected SII neurons, we suggest that the inactivation removes a source of background facilitatory influence that arises in SI and affects a small proportion of SII neurons. 8. Phase-locking and therefore the precision of impulse patterning were unchanged in the responses of SII neurons to vibration during SI inactivation. This was the case whether response levels of neurons were reduced or unchanged by SI inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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The Method to Detect Epileptic Seizure for the Focal Cortical Cooling Device

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C ◽

10.1299/kikaic.72.1921 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (718) ◽

pp. 1921-1926 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joji UCHIYAMA ◽

Kimihiko NAKANO ◽

Takashi SAITO ◽

Masami FUJII ◽

Nobuhiro TANAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Cooling Device ◽

Cortical Cooling

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Effect of localized cortical cooling on delayed-response performance in the monkey.

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0024600 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 477-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

David Shacter ◽

Harold Schuckman

Keyword(s):

Delayed Response ◽

Cortical Cooling ◽

Response Performance

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Focal cortical surface cooling is a novel and safe method for intraoperative functional brain mapping

10.1101/2020.05.20.104364 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kenji Ibayashi ◽

Araceli R. Cardenas ◽

Hiroyuki Oya ◽

Hiroto Kawasaki ◽

Christopher K. Kovach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mapping ◽

Cortical Stimulation ◽

Mapping Technique ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Surface Cooling ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Functional Brain Mapping ◽

Cortical Cooling

ABSTRACTObjectiveElectrical cortical stimulation (ECS) has been the gold standard for intraoperative functional mapping in neurosurgery, yet it carries the risk of induced seizures. Here we assess the safety of focal cortical cooling (CC) as a potential alternative to ECS for functional brain mapping.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 40 consecutive subjects (n=13 tumor, 27 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) resection) who underwent intraoperative CC during craniotomy at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics from 2007 through 2019 (CC group). Thirty-eight of the 40 subjects had ECS performed along with CC during the same procedure. To assess the safety of CC, intra- and post-operative seizure incidence and post-operative neurological deficits were collected together with new post-operative radiographic findings not related to the surgical procedure itself (i.e. non-mapping portions). As a control cohort, we collected 55 consecutive subjects (n=21 MTLE, 34 tumor/vascular pathology) who underwent awake ECS mapping without CC between 2006 and 2019 (ECS-alone group). To evaluate potential long term effects of mapping techniques (CC and/or ECS), we separately collected another 25 consecutive subjects who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy(ATL) without CC nor ECS between 2007 and 2019 (No ECS/No CC-ATL group).ResultsA total of 79 brain sites were cooled in the 40 CC subjects, including inferior frontal gyrus (44%), precentral gyrus (39%), postcentral gyrus (6%), subcentral gyrus (4%) and superior temporal gyrus (6%). No intraoperative seizures were reported in the CC group, whereas 3.6% of ECS-alone group had intraoperative seizures. The incidence of seizure(s) within the first post-operative week did not significantly differ amongst CC (7.9%), ECS-alone (9.0%) and No ECS/No CC-ATL groups (12%). There was no significante difference in the incidence of postoperative radiographic change between CC (7.5%) and ECS-alone groups (5.5 %). The long term seizure outcome for MTLE subjects did not statistically differ regarding ‘good’ outcomes (Engel I+II): CC group (80%), ECS-alone (83.3%) and No ECS/No CC-ATL group (83.3%).ConclusionsCortical cooling when used as an intraoperative mapping technique is safe, and may complement traditional electrical cortical stimulation.

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301 The method to detect epileptic seizure for the focal cortical cooling device

The Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME ◽

10.1299/jsmebio.2005.18.139 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2005.18 (0) ◽

pp. 139-140

Author(s):

Joji UCHIYAMA ◽

Kimihiko NAKANO ◽

Takashi SAITO ◽

Hirochika IMOTO ◽

Nobuhiro TANAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Cooling Device ◽

Cortical Cooling

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The performance of the epileptogenic discharge suppression of the focal cortical cooling device

The Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering ◽

10.1299/jsmebiofro.2004.15.117 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2004.15 (0) ◽

pp. 117-118

Author(s):

Jouji UCHIYAMA ◽

Kimihiko NAKANO ◽

Takashi SAITO ◽

Hirochika IMOTO ◽

Masami FUJII ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cooling Device ◽

Cortical Cooling ◽

Discharge Suppression

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A local cortical cooling block

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00784024 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 257-258

Author(s):

N. Iu. Belenkov ◽

G. N. Smetankin ◽

V. V. Azolov ◽

G. P. Gunin

Keyword(s):

Cortical Cooling

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13. Development of a functional mapping method using focal cortical cooling in awake craniotomy

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 123 (9) ◽

pp. e90

Author(s):

Masami Fujii ◽

Takao Inoue ◽

Hirokazu Sadahiro ◽

Koji Yoshikawa ◽

Makoto Ideguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mapping Method ◽

Functional Mapping ◽

Awake Craniotomy ◽

Cortical Cooling

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Effects of Ventrobasal Lesion and Cortical Cooling on Fast Oscillations (>200 Hz) in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.01098.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 2380-2388 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Richard J. Staba ◽

Barbara Brett-Green ◽

Marcy Paulsen ◽

Daniel S. Barth

Keyword(s):

Somatosensory Cortex ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Electrode Arrays ◽

Subcortical Structures ◽

Ventrobasal Thalamus ◽

Before And After ◽

Cortical Cooling ◽

Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽

Fast Oscillations

High-frequency oscillatory activity (>200 Hz) termed “fast oscillations” (FO) have been recorded in the rodent somatosensory cortex and may reflect very rapid integration of vibrissal information in sensory cortex. Yet, while electrophysiological correlates suggest that FO is generated within intracortical networks, contributions of subcortical structures along the trigeminal pathway remain uncertain. Using surface and laminar electrode arrays, in vivo recordings of vibrissal and electrically evoked FO were made within somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rodents before and after ablation of the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) or during reversible cortical cooling. In VB-lesioned animals, vibrissal stimulation failed to evoke FO, while epicortical stimulation in lesioned animals remained effective in generating FO. In nonlesioned animals, cortical cooling eliminated vibrissal-evoked FO despite the persistence of thalamocortical input. Vibrissal-evoked FO returned with the return to physiological temperatures. Results from this study indicate that somatosensory cortex alone is able to initiate and sustain FO. Moreover, these data suggest that cortical network interactions are solely responsible for the generation of FO, while synchronized thalamocortical input serves as the afferent trigger.

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