scholarly journals Growth cone configuration and advance: a time-lapse study using video- enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Aletta ◽  
LA Greene
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy

scholarly journals Stages in axon formation: observations of growth of Aplysia axons in culture using video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast microscopy.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1921-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Goldberg ◽  
D W Burmeister
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Fast Axonal Transport ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy

The regenerative growth in culture of the axons of two giant identified neurons from the central nervous system of Aplysia californica was observed using video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast microscopy. This technique allowed the visualization in living cells of the membranous organelles of the growth cone. Elongation of axonal branches always occurred through the same sequence of events: A flat organelle-free veil protruded from the front of the growth cone, gradually filled with vesicles that entered by fast axonal transport and Brownian motion from the main body of the growth cone, became more voluminous and engorged with organelles (vesicles, mitochondria, and one or two large, irregular, refractile bodies), and, finally, assumed the cylindrical shape of the axon branch with the organelles predominantly moving by bidirectional fast axonal transport. The veil is thus the nascent axon. Because veils appear to be initially free of membranous organelles, addition of membrane to the plasmalemma by exocytosis is likely to occur in the main body of the growth cone rather than at the leading edge. Veils almost always formed with filopodial borders, protruding between either fully extended or growing filopodia. Therefore, one function of the filopodia is to direct elongation by demarcating the pathway along which axolemma flows. Models of axon growth in which the body of the growth cone is pulled forward, or in which advance of the leading edge is achieved by filopodial shortening or contraction against an adhesion to the substrate, are inconsistent with our observations. We suggest that, during the elongation phase of growth, filopodia may act as structural supports.

scholarly journals Optical sectioning in differential interference contrast microscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 282 (16) ◽  
pp. 3223-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Noguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiwata ◽  
Masahide Itoh ◽  
Toyohiko Yatagai
Keyword(s):  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy

scholarly journals Minus-end capture of preformed kinetochore fibers contributes to spindle morphogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Khodjakov ◽  
Lily Copenagle ◽  
Michael B. Gordon ◽  
Duane A. Compton ◽  
Tarun M. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Spindle Formation ◽  
Capture Mechanism ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Kinesin Eg5 ◽  
Mitotic Kinesin Eg5 ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Near-simultaneous three-dimensional fluorescence/differential interference contrast microscopy was used to follow the behavior of microtubules and chromosomes in living α-tubulin/GFP-expressing cells after inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 with monastrol. Kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) were frequently observed forming in association with chromosomes both during monastrol treatment and after monastrol removal. Surprisingly, these K-fibers were oriented away from, and not directly connected to, centrosomes and incorporated into the spindle by the sliding of their distal ends toward centrosomes via a NuMA-dependent mechanism. Similar preformed K-fibers were also observed during spindle formation in untreated cells. In addition, upon monastrol removal, centrosomes established a transient chromosome-free bipolar array whose orientation specified the axis along which chromosomes segregated. We propose that the capture and incorporation of preformed K-fibers complements the microtubule plus-end capture mechanism and contributes to spindle formation in vertebrates.

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