scholarly journals Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Absence of Dopamine Modulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (36) ◽  
pp. 11363-11372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan T. Gulledge ◽  
Greg J. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Action Potential Initiation ◽  
Potential Initiation ◽  
Dopamine Modulation

scholarly journals Action potential initiation and propagation in hippocampal mossy fibre axons

2008 ◽  
Vol 586 (7) ◽  
pp. 1849-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schmidt-Hieber ◽  
Peter Jonas ◽  
Josef Bischofberger
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Mossy Fibre ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Action Potential Initiation ◽  
Potential Initiation

scholarly journals Neocortical pyramidal neurons with axons emerging from dendrites are frequent in non-primates, but rare in monkey and human

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Wahle ◽  
Eric Sobierajski ◽  
Ina Gasterstädt ◽  
Nadja Lehmann ◽  
Susanna Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Action Potential Initiation ◽  
Potential Initiation

The canonical view of neuronal function is that inputs are received by dendrites and somata, become integrated in the somatodendritic compartment and upon reaching a sufficient threshold, generate axonal output with axons emerging from the cell body. The latter is not necessarily the case. Instead, axons may originate from dendrites. The terms “axon carrying dendrite” (AcD) and “AcD neurons” have been coined to describe this feature. Here, we report on the diversity of axon origins in neocortical pyramidal cells. We found that in non-primates (rodent, cat, ferret, pig), 10-21% of pyramidal cells of layers II-VI had an AcD. In marked contrast, in macaque and human, this proportion was lower, and it was particularly low for supragranular neurons. Unexpectedly, pyramidal cells in the white matter of postnatal cat and aged human cortex exhibit AcDs to much higher percentages. In rodent hippocampus, AcD cells are functionally ’privileged‘, since inputs here can circumvent somatic integration and lead to immediate action potential initiation in the axon. Our findings expand the current knowledge regarding the distribution and proportion of AcD cells in neocortial regions of non-primate taxa, which strikingly differs from primates where these cells are mainly found in deeper layers and white matter.

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