Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians

Key Points Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with genetic and environmental causes. Risk factors include preterm birth and maternal substance use during pregnancy. Because of the prevalence of this condition, primary care clinicians should develop the skills to diagnose and manage this condition in patients from age 4 years through adolescence. The 3 subtypes of ADHD are predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive. No cardiac workup is necessary beyond conducting a thorough cardiac history before initiating stimulant medication. Stimulant medications are the most effective treatment of ADHD in school-aged children and adolescents.

Editorial

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
L. Greenhill ◽  
Laurence L. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Mixed Salts

More than 65 years ago, careful observation revealed that stimulant medication can reduce the disruptive symptoms of hyperkinetic children. Today, a variety of stimulant medications have been marketed, such as preparations including methylphenidate (MPH), dextroamphetamine (DEX), mixed-salts amphetamine (AMP), and pemoline (PEM). These constitute the most widely prescribed psychotropic medications for children, primarily in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although this disorder begins in childhood, ADHD is now known to persist into adolescence and adult life, and these individuals are increasingly being prescribed stimulants for this condition. Stimulants are also used for the treatment of narcolepsy, based on controlled studies.

Cognitive and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children Receiving Stimulant Medications

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia G. Risser ◽  
Thomas G. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Developmental Index ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics ◽  
Stimulant Medications

10 children receiving stimulant medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were compared to normal children on cognitive and neuropsychological dimensions in a pilot study. When compared with 10 normal children the ADHD children showed significant differences on cognitive measures, including the Wechsler Developmental Index, the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test, and the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test. Elevated levels of polyspike EEG activity were also noted for these children. Analysis suggested that ADHD children receiving stimulant medications may have persisting neuropsychological difficulty. Further research on the neuropsychological correlates of ADHD seems warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document