BACKGROUND: Musical artwork using Balinese flutes made from bamboo (timing buluh) by Agus Teja Sentosa, S.Sn is a combination of music played with flute as the main instrument which contains certain components resembling music therapy such as in western classical music by Antonio Lucio Vivaldi.
AIM: This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive function and increase in serum dopamine in the elderly after listening to music with Balinese flute as the main instrument.
METHOD: The current study allocated 18 subjects in the control group listened to western classical music by Antonio Lucio Vivaldi, while 18 subjects in the intervention group listened to western classical music and music from Balinese flute as the main instrument by Agus Teja Sentosa, S.Sn. MoCA-Ina assessment and examination of serum dopamine levels were carried out initially and 21 days after listening to music intervention.
RESULTS: The mean increase in cognitive function score was higher in the intervention group (5.22; p < 0.001) than in the control group (4.67; p < 0.001), this increase was not statistically significant with a value of p = 0.562 (p > 0.005). The mean increase in dopamine levels in the control group (3.60) was greater than in the treatment group (3.56), but the mean increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.085).
CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between listening to the main instrumental Balinese flute music and the improvement of cognitive function, especially in the memory domain in all study subjects, but the mean increase in cognitive function and serum dopamine level did not reach statistical significance.
In addition to previous contributions to a general catalog of Iranian Heteroptera, this paper presents a catalog of the flat bug family Aradidae. Nine species and subspecies belonging to two genera (Aneurus Curtis and Aradus Fabricius) of two subfamilies (Aneurinae and Aradinae) are reported.
A study of Iranian Coreoidea, Alydidae excluded, has brought new geographical data on these bugs. Ninety-five species in 34 genera of three families, including, Coreidae (53 species), Rhopalidae (33 species), and Stenocephalidae (9 species), are listed as the fauna of Iran. The following species of Coreidae are new for the Iranian fauna: Fracastorius cornutus Distant 1902, Homoeocerus albiguttulus Stål 1873, and Prismatocerus borealis (Distant 1918).
Instrumental Balinese Flute Music Therapy Improves Cognitive Function and Serum Dopamine Level in the Elderly Population of West Denpasar Primary Health Care Center